THE 

ROSE MANUAL; 

CONTAINING 

ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE FINEST VARIETIES 

OF 

ROSES, 

PROPERLY CLASSED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE FAMILIES, 
THEIR CHARACTER AND MODE OF CULTURE, 

WITH 

DIRECTIONS FOR THEIR PROPAGATION, 

AND THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS. 

WITH ENGRAVINGS. 



BY ROBERT BUIST, 

NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN AND FLORIST, 

Author of ''The American Flower Garden Directory," ''Family Kitchen 

Gardener," &c. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

FOR THE AUTHOR, A. HART, and LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO & CO. 
1851. 



v^ Tit ^ 






Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1844. liy 

R. BUIST, 

in the Oifice of the Clerk of the District Court for the Easteri\ 
District of Pennsylvania. 







PHILADELPHIA : 
B. MIFFLIN. PRINTER. 63 WALNUT STREET. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Custom has made it the privilege of authors to set 
forth the merit and purport of their productions in 
some preliminary remarks. Of this privilege I gladly 
avail myself, to disclaim at once all pretensions to 
the art of composition. 

These pages owe their existence merely to the re- 
peated demands of numerous friends and customers, 
for a work on Roses, simple in its arrangement, and 
clear in its directions. 1 have endeavoured to gratify 
their wishes, and have now only to hope that their 
satisfaction may bear some proportion to the pleasure 
I have found in the task. 

This volume contains the result of twenty-eight 
years' experience on the subject of which it treats, 
twenty-three of which have been as a nurseryman 
cultivating the largest collection in the country. 1 
do not wish to be understood, however, as arrogating 
to myself any greater share of knowledge in rose 
culture than can be acquired by all practical men. 



VI IIS'TRODUCTION. 



But it is not to these that I address myself. My hum- 
ble aim has been to present to the inexperienced 
lovers of the Rose, a guide to enable them to select, 
cultivate, and propagate their favourite flower. Our 
observations made among the numerous collections of 
nurserymen and amateurs in this vicinity, induced me 
frequently to alter descriptions 1 had already written, 
colours varying to so great an extent in different soils 
and seasons. 

We were at one period almost the exclusive grow- 
er and cultivator of the Rose j not so now, large 
collections are arising of decided merit, and well- 
grown, by Jas. Ritchie, florist, Kensington, and John 
Sherwood, florist. College Wharf, near Bristol, Pa. 

The first season after planting, roses do not, in gener- 
al, flower in all the perfection to which they can be 
brought after one or two years' growth, taking that 
time to become thoroughly established. A few of the 
new kinds have bloomed but once ; a very accurate 
description of such can scarcely be expected ; and in 
some instances it may hereafter appear that I have 
not done full justice to their real merit. Amateurs 
have hitherto found great difficulty in selecting from 
the catalogues of nurserymen. This treatise, we 
hope, may be found of service in assisting them to 
form their collections ; and the index of names, re- 
ferring, as it does, to the character of every rose 



INTRODUCTIOX. Vll 



mentioned in the work, will, we think, prove especi- 
ally useful. 

Incorrectness in the names of plants has lonojbeen a 
stigma on commercial gardening j none can pretend 
to be quite immaculate in this matter, but all may 
become still more careful in avoiding these inaccura- 
cies. Every nurseryman is now aware of the great re- 
sponsibility resting upon him relative to correct nomen- 
clature, and no honest man will condesend to contribute 
in spreading the practice of attaching a false name. 
On this point we think Philadelphia nurserymen are 
as free from reproach as any in the Union, and I may 
be permitted to add, that in rose culture they are 
adepts, living, as they do, as it were in a very hot- 
bed of roses, fostered by the judicious management of 
the Horticultural Society, and encouraged by the 
patronage of the lovers of flowers, who, amongst us, 
are almost as numerous as the dwellings of our city 
and county. It would be ungrateful not to add my 
sincere acknowledgments to all those to whom I am 
indebted for valuable information, and in an especial 
manner to a lady amateur, whose valuable services 
have frequently brightened our ideas. And finally, 
let me be allowed to place this humble offering under 
the patronage of the Ladies, trusting that their love 
of the subject will induce them to look over all defi- 
ciencies in the manner of treating it, and hoping that 



Vlil tNTRODUCTION. 



the views and experience of a practical man, honest- 
ly given, and in a style aiming at nothing but per- 
spicuity, may be of some use to them. While it has 
been my object to produce a manual adapted to the 
wants of every rose fancier, I have been especially 
anxious to make the task of selection an easier one to 
my fair patronesses, and if I succeed in assisting any 
of them in the choice or culture of a single rose, 1 
shall be satisfied ; — or should I be the means of indu- 
cing some to enter the flowery paths of Floriculture, 
where healthful employment and innocent pleasures 
wait to greet them, m.y highest ambition will be at- 
tained. 

R. BUIST, 
KosEDALE Nursery, Darby Koad, 

two miles below Gray's Ferry, 



PREFACE. 



It affords no small gratification to be called upon 
by the admirers of the rose, for a third edition of 
their favourite Rose Manual, which we now present, 
having added all the new sorts of merit, and discard- 
ed many others that are now deemed worthless. 
The universal diffusion of the pure moral and re- 
fined taste of rose culture amongst the fair daughters 
of Western Eden, progresses equally with any 
branch, study, or science of this telegraphic age — a 
taste that is admired and appreciated by every visiter 
and friend. 

There is no word of censure in our vocabulary that 
oan be applicable to those who devote a few of their 
leisure hours to love, admire, and cultivate that emiblem 
of beauty, the rose, i do congratulate its lovers (and 
who are not 1) on the many beautiful distinct acquisi- 
tions to this charming family, since our previous edi- 
tion. This third offering contains every improve- 
ment in culture and character, that has been found of 
practical value or ornament in the Rose, which has 
become within the past few years extremely and ex- 
tensively popular. The increasing inquiry for new 
varieties, so absorbs the interest of both cultivators and 



PREFACE. 



purchasers, that many of the older and approved kinds 
give place to those of more recent introduction, whose 
merits, to say the most of them, are questionable. 

As far as possible, we have avoided entering into 
detail on subjects not known to us, or to those in 
this country whose judgment can be relied upon. 
Were we disposed, it Avould be an easy method of 
attraction, to republish the volumes of European au- 
thors, but we prefer to have a smaller shadow, and 
hope a better substance in detailing only what is, and 
what can be practised and relied upon in this variable 
climate. One deficiency, which all writers on the 
Rose labour under, is the want of a classical nomen- 
clature ; many names are entirely fanciful, without 
derivation or application ; catalogues cannot generally 
be depended upon, either in name or description ; 
even those who know and do all things more perfectly 
tl an others, frequently fall into anomalies of the most 
outj'e character. However, this does not detract from 
tiie beautiful new varieties that we have brought to 
the nc^Ice of our readers, and Vvhoever of them visits 
the " City of Love," bedded in roses, will find that its 
Florists, Amateurs, and devoted cultivators are in the 
advance, or at least not in the rear of any people, or 
portion of the United States, in the knowledge, cul- 
ture, and possession of this Queen of Flowers. 

ROBERT BUIST. 



COIsTEiXTS 



Rosa Alpina, 

The Boursault Rose, - - - - 13 

Rosa Sempervirens, 

The Evergreen Rose, - • - - 15 

Rosa Banksiana, 

The Lady Banks Rose, - - . - 1 8 

Rosa Multiflora, 

The Multitlora Rose, - - - - 20 

Hybrid Climbino Roses - - -• - - 23 

Rosa Rubifolia, 

The Prairie Rose, - - - - 2G 

Rosa Rubiginosa, 

The Sweet Briar, = - - - - 32 

Rosa Lutea, 

The Yellow Austrian Rose, - - .34 

Rosa Spinosissijia, 

The Scotch, or Burnet Rose, - - - 37 

Rosa Centifolia, 

The Provins, or Cabbage Rose, - - - 39 

Rosa CexXTifolta Muscosa, 

The Moss Rose, - - - - - 42 

Rosa Gallica, 

The Rose of France, . - - - 48 

Striped, Spotted, and Marbled Roses, - - 54 

Rosa Alba, 

The White Garden Rose, - - - 58 

Ros\ Damascena, 

The Damask Rose, - - - - 60 



XU CONTENTS. 



Hybrid Chinese Roses, - - - - 62 

Planti>'g, - ... - - 72 

Growing Roses from Seed, - - - - 74 

Propagation of Garden or June Rosks, - - 78 

Propagation by Budding, - - "• - 80 

Propagation by Grafting, - " - - - 84 

Noisette Roses, - - - - - 88 

Rosa Indica Odorata, 

The Tea Scented Rose, - - - - 105 

Rosa Indica, 

The BcDgal Chinese, or Daily Rose, - - 120 

Rosa Lawrenciana, 

The Miniature Rose, - . - - 132 

Rosa Bourboniana, 

The Bourbon Rose, .... 134 
Remontantes, 

Oi, Hybrid Perpetual Rose, - - - I47 

Perpetual Damask Rose, - - - - 156 

Rosa Microphylla, 

Or, Small leaved Rose, ----- 163 

Rosa Moschata, 

Musk Scented Rose, . - - - 167 

Cultivation of Roses in Pots, - - - 169 

Liquid Manure, - - - - -171 

poudrette, - - - - - -171 

Guano, - - - - - •' - 171 

Insects injurious to the Rose, - - _ 172 

Brown's Fumigator -- - - -172 

Mildew on the Rose, ^ - - - - 174 

Propagation of Roses that bloom the whole season, 175 



SOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



ROSA ALPINA. 



THE BOUESAULT ROSE. 



This tribe takes its name from the late Monfj. 
Boursault, a distinguished French amateur horti- 
culturist. They are the hardiest of the climbing 
roses — easily known by their long flexible shoots, 
of a reddish-purple colour, and withstanding with 
impunity the severest of our winters, flowering pro- 
fusely early in the season ; they may'well be termed 
the harbingers of the rosary. They are well adapt- 
ed for covering arbours or concealing outbuilding^:, 
walls, or any other disagreeable objects. They are 
also frequently cultivated for stocks, whereon to bud 
other roses of more rare character, which purpose 
they will answer very well-; though a plant thus 
formed renders its durability uncertain, being very 
liable to sucker, or throw out shoots from the ground, 
thereby taking away nourishment from the part of 



14< ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JU.\E. 

the plant which most requires it ; of course, all suck- 
ers or shoots below the bud or graft must be dis- 
placed. It was introduced in 1829-30. The fol- 
lowing sorts are most worth}' of jiotice. 

Amadis or Elegans are the same; of rapid growth, 
makes a most magnificent pyramid of rich purple 
crimson ; the flowers are produced in clusters, are 
perfectly double, and of considerable duration. White 
Boursauh, Blush, Bengal Florida, Rose de Lisle, the 
same rose, known under all these, and even some 
other names ; the flowers are very large, of a blush 
colour, with a deep pink centre, pendulous, and 
very showy, but occasionally do not open well. 
Gracilis, is of slender growth, with bright pii^k 
flowers, not fully double, but very profuse. Inermis^ 
has large bright pink flower?, in great profusion : 
grows rapidly, and is rendered the more desirable by 
having a little fragrance, of which, with this excep- 
tion, this group are entirely destitute. Purpurea^ 
purple crimson flowers, little more than half double; 
it is the most common of the tribe, and has been 
extensively cultivated and sold under the name of 
Purple Noisette, Maheka, Michigan, &c., and is 
cultivated and sold from the flat boats on the Ohio 
and Mississippi rivers under all these and several 
other names; compared with the preceding sorts, it is 
not worth culture. Red or Pink is the oldest varietv, 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 15 



with flowers only semidouble ; the colour is pretty, 
and its profusion, at a distance, make up for deficiency 
of petals. The species Rosa Alpina is a native of 
the Alps, where its scrubby habit has little affinity to 
the rampant growers now described. They should 
have, wherever planted, plenty of space allotted for 
them ; for after being one or two years established, 
they w^ill make shoots ten or twelve feet long. In 
pruning, the oldest wood should be cut out, merely 
to keep the branches from being too crowded : the 
flowers are produced from the wood of the preceding 
year. They will grow freely in any soil or situation, 
and will bear with impunity the severest winters of 
the northern states. 



ROSA SEMPERVIRENS. 

THE EVERGREEN ROSE. 

This rose and its varieties, although very popular 
in France and England, lose much of the character 
implied by the name when cultivated in this part 
of the United States, where they become deciduous, 
losing their foliage on the approach of severe frost. 
But in the more favoured southern climes, they retain 



16 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

•.- :^ ■ ' " * 

it during winter, and there grow and bloom in pro- 
fuse wreaths or garlands, making them objects of 
great attraction in their season. They are in colour 
generally pale, making a decided contrast with the 
Boursault family. They grow rapidly, and are well 
adapted for arches, grottos, rockwork, pillars, or trel- 
lises. The foliage is of a peculiarly bright shining 
green. Adelaide d' Orleans has flowers of a pale rosy 
blush, very double and perfectly formed, in large 
clusters, valuable for blooming later than any of what 
are termed June Roses. Do7ina Maria:, and Princess 
Maria, appear to be the same, or so nearly alike, that 
a distinction cannot be even faintly drawn. Flowers 
nearly white. Felicite Perpetuelle has been recog- 
nized under many names in Europe, but it is believed 
to be pure here : it is a very perfect rose, beautifully 
cupped, of a creamy-white colour, and when well 
grown makes a magnificent pyramid. Myrianthes is 
oi the most regular form, being very double, and 
imbricated to the centre ; a plant covered with its 
delicate rosy-coloured flowers is a charming object. 
It has been sold (as its name imports) as a Noisette 
blooming all the season, a character which" it never 
merited, never had, and never will have. Semper- 
virens Pleno, a pure white, is our oldest variety, 
perfectly double, and a very desirable rose ; it is the 
parent of Noisette Aimee Vibert, an association which 



KOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 17 



will long preserve it from oblivion. Triomphe de 
Bollwiller, is a superb blush-white rose, very large, 
very double, in great clusters, and agreeably fragrant; 
in the south it is surprisingly fine, but with us it is 
rather tender. When this rose first made its appear- 
ance in France, it came out as the most beautiful of 
the "Teas;" after its more general cultivation it was 
placed among the Noisettes; it now falls back to 
those sorts that only bloom once, where it is now 
distinguished under the name of Sempervirens odorata. 
After fourteen years' travel through the French cata- 
logues, it is now set down where it should have beeu 
placed at first, a situation given to it by me seven 
years ago. There are several other varieties of Rosa 
Sempervirens, but none of sufficient interest or dis- 
tinction from the above to claim any detailed notice. 
In the southern states, this family, associated with 
Rosa Laevigata or Georgia Evergreen Rose, would 
make a very splendid group for covering fences, 
embankments, or any other object where a continual 
foliage was de'sirable ; they require very little pru- 
ning, and would soon cover a large space. They 
could be propagated by layering to any extent ; any- 
good soil will suit their growth. They could also be 
used for covering the naked stems of trees with great 
advantage, in any ornamental point of view; if used 
for such a purpose they will require a portion of 



IS rose's that bloom in JUNE. 



manure dug into the ground about their roots every 
winter. In pruning, the wood of several years old 
should be cut out, only laying in the young shoots 
their full length ; these shoots can be turned and 
twisted in any direction ; although it is decidedly 
b'2st to lay them in straight and equal. 



ROSABANKSIANA. 

THE LADY BANKS ROSE. 

When this rose first made its appearance in the 
time of Sir Joseph Banks, it was hailed with the 
greatest rapture by every lover of the tribe, and it 
was instantly complimented with the name of his 
lady. It is the states south of this where it must 
be seen to be pronounced the most graceful, luxu- 
riant, and beautiful of roses; there it is a perfect 
evergreen, covering the ends, fronts, and, in some 
instances, the entire dwellings of many of the in- 
habitants, who name it the '-'■ Evergreen Multiflora.'" 
To us, the beauty of the plant is nearly lost, being 
tjo tender for general planting in the garden;* 

* Xyiough in some very sheltered situations in this city we 
have seen plants covering a space of forty feet, and producing 
thousands of flowers. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 19 



when grown in the greenhouse, its beauty and luxu- 
riance almost disappear. This thornless rose is so 
perfectly double that it rarely produces seed. Al- 
though many European growlers recognize and sell 
several varieties of Banksia Eoses, yet there are 
only four, in our opinion, that deserve attention ; 
the others are hybrids, mere misnomers. One cata- 
logue offers twenty-one varieties, all beautifully 
named, our goodly city being complimented by 
Philadelphica having a place in the list. The 
flowers are produced on the small twiggy branches, 
hence it is important to divest the plants of any long 
rampart growth that it may set forth, unless it is 
required to lay in to fill up any vacancy. The 
White Banksian Rose has flowers little more than 
half an inch in diameter, which are of the purest 
white, with a delicate pink centre, of a very delightful 
violet perfume, and are produced in a profusion of 
small clusters. Grandijlora, white with violet centre, 
larger than the former, very fragrant. Banksia Vif^ 
or bright yellow Banksia, flower larger than the old 
yellow, of a bright lemon colour. The Yellow Bank- 
sian Rose, has pale yellow or straw-coloured flowers, 
in size rather larger than the white, being perfectly 
imbricated, and really gems of beauty, but without 
odour 5 if the white were to be seen apart from the 
plant, by the inexperienced, they would never be 



20 fiOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

taken for a rose, so unlike are they to any of the 
tribe. Travelers inform us that these roses are cul- 
tivated in China, under the name of Woiigmoue- 
heong^ where a pink variety has been seen, for which 
as yet we have longed in vain ; but it may now be 
confidently expected, from the many Horticultural 
expeditions at present engaged in exploring that 
hitherto sealed country. 



ROSA MULTIFLORA 



THE MULTIFLORA ROSE 



Is a native of Japan, and is consequently more 
hardy than the preceding family. Its name is as 
familiar to the ear as that of the rose itself. It was 
among the first that ever had any celebrity in this 
vicinity, and I have no doubt of its having been 
cultivated in this country thirty years ago. In dry 
soils it is tolerably hardy, and south of this per- 
fectl}^ so. The flowers are produced in such pro- 
fusion that it has often received the cognomen of 
wreath-rose. The treatment and pruning may be 
the same as recommended for Rosa Sempervirens. 
Several varieties have been produced from it, which 



Roses that bloom in june. 21 

in some instances rivaled the original. ^^Iba is a 
blush white, in every character similar to the fol- 
lowing, except in colour. Multijiora is the name 
of the oldest cultivated sort. The flowers are per- 
fectly double, cupped shape, produced in clusters 
of a pretty pink colour, about an inch in diameter. 
When first brought into notice about Philadelphia, 
it is said that twenty dollars were frequently given 
for a single plant. Floriculture has now more 
patronage, and thousands of admirers, so that the 
grower can afford to put every article at a very low 
rate J indeed many roses, and even the one in ques- 
tion, can be purchased for as many cents, so that 
for this trifle every garden in the land may have 
a rose. Grcvillia or Seven Sisters, was at one 
period greatly esteemed and admired for its variety 
of character; although its singularity is still the 
same, yet its former admirers have transferred their 
encomiums to other more beautiful sorts. It is a 
fine grower, producing its flowers in large clusters, 
no two of which are alike ; opening of every 
shade, from pure white to deep purple. Indeed 
this rose has no compeer ; it produces its flowers 
single, semidouble, and double, and in such variety 
of shade and colour, that there are rarely two alike. 
An east or northeast situation suits it best ; other- 
wise the effect of its variety is greatly diminished 



22 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

■ # 

by the direct rays of the sun. It requires a dry 
sheltered spot. Lnure Davoust is the climax of 
perfection in this family ; with all the aid of the 
imagination, its beauty on a well grown plant can- 
not be pictured. The flowers are of various shades 
of colour, from white to a lovely deep pink, perfect 
in form \ the clusters are immense, and produced 
from almost every eye of the strong wood of the 
preceding year; it is of very strong growth, making 
shoots of twenty feet in one season, with very lux- 
uriant foliage, and is more hardy than the three 
former. For covering outbuildings, verandas, co- 
lumns, temples, &.C., it has no superior. JRussel- 
liana^ Scarlet Grevillia, Russell's Cottage Rose, 
Cottage Rose, and I believe it is sold under some 
other titles besides, is considerably hybridized, but 
not so as to lose its character as a pillar rose. I have 
pillars of it twenty feet high, forming, during the 
month of June, a very attractive object, having a 
profusion of flowers of the richest shades of crimson ; 
many of them being striped with white. From the 
base to the pinnacle it is one mass of glowing 
beauty. Perfectly hardy in our coldest latitudes, it 
has large i ich green foliage, very distinctly and deeply 
nerved ; the shoots are strong and erect, and will 
grow freely in any soil or situation. The old 
shoots Qnly should be thinned out j the young 



KOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 23 

wood ought never to be shortened unless locality de- 
mands it. The same style of pruning will apply to 
all the varieties of the Multiflora. This operation 
should be performed early in the spring, before the 
buds swell, but never when the w^ood is in a frozen 
state. In more southern climates pruning can be 
done at any period, from December to January ; but 
in the middle and eastern states it should be underta- 
ken as soon as frost is out of the wood, in February 
or March, and the plants tied or nailed at once to 
their respective supports. Multiflora Graulhie is the 
only pure white of this group. I have seen the flow- 
ers perfectly double, rather larger than the common 
variety : a very strong grower, and blooms freely. 

HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES. 

Under this head I have to place several sorts that 
have made their appearance, partaking of the habits 
of other families, but which, notwithstanding, cannot 
be properly classed with them. It is always a diffi- 
cult point to decide on the connecting link between 
the various species and varieties of the rose ; they 
have now become so numerous by hybridization, 
sports, and other speculative features, that in many 
instances there is doubt where to place many choice 
Borts that are almost yearly brought to our notice. I 



24 ROSES tllAt BLOO:>Jt IN JUNfi. 

will, however, in no instance, follow the path of 
others merely because the track is*made, but will, from 
observation, make all ray own assertions, and give 
my own views, trusting that my readers will make 
allowances for soil, climate, and a diiFerence of opin* 
ion on all subjects. 

Gnrlcmd is a pretty white, producing its flowers in 
clusters, containing frequently from seventy-five to one 
hundred, forming a conical corymb of about sixteen 
inches in diameter, the whole plant appearing in the 
distance like a pagoda of snow interspersed with foli' 
age of the brightest green ; the growth is very rapid, 
making ten to twenty feet in a season. Madame 
d^jJrblay, or Wells White Climber, has been highly 
extolled ; in growth it is the giant of climbers, for 
strength and rapidity excelling any that 1 have seen ; 
the foliage is also very strong, partaking in that re- 
spect of the Bourbon family. Its flowers are pure 
white, like the preceding, and produced in very largo 
bunches. It is of a very hardy nature, and will with- 
stand severe cold without being the least affected. 
It is also an excellent variety to propagate for stocks 
whereon to bud or graft the finer sorts of Beno-al, 
Tea, or Bourbon Roses, having no appearance of be- 
ing liable to sucker from the root. 

Ruse Blanche, or Bengalensis Scandens, is appa- 
rently a hybrid between some of the Sempervirens 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 25 

and Tea family; its very large flowers, about three 
and a half inches in diameter, perfectly double, of a 
waxy blush colour delicately suffused with white, are 
objects of great attraction, and admired wherever 
seen ; it is moreover a very early rose. Whoever has 
visited the celebrated Bartram Garden,* near this city, 
about the end of May or first of June, must have been 
struck with its beauty there, spreading nearly over 
the whole side of the dwelling, and covered witti 
thousands of pendulous blushing beauties. The vari- 
ety of names under which it is cultivated (even by 
individuals that ought to see better) is really amusing. 
Rose and White Noisette, Striped Noisette, Indica 
Major, Walton Climber, a new rose from Natchez and 
some others, of w^hich I have no note. Ruga, or Tea 
Scented Ayrshire, is evidently a variety between the 
Tea Rose and the celebated Ayrshire Rose, having the 
growth and habit of ^e latter, with a considerable 
portion of the delightful fragrance of the former. It 
is of the most delicate blush colour, and tolerably dou- 
ble ; a profuse bloomer, and seeds freely. It does well 
as a pillar Rose, but has not wood nor foliage sufficient 
for covering walls or arbours. Fortunes Yellow is not 
worth a passing remark, if it was not for its assuming 
name. Colour, when grow^n under glass, a creamy 

• Now Bartram Hall, the property of A. M. Eastwick, Esq. 
3 



26 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

muddy white — when grown in the open air, a bronzy 
salmon like Noisette, Jaune Desprez, flowers nearly 
single, foliage like La Pactole, with the growth of the 
Ayrshire rose. Astrolabe^ Elegans^ Hybrida, and some 
others of this class, are not worth attention ; all these 
bloom only once in the season, but are of considerable 
duration, say six weeks in cold seasons, but if in severe 
heat, their time of inflorescence will not exceed one 
month. The pruning and training recommended for 
Rosa Sempervirens will suit these. They are all fra- 
grant, and a rosary connot be complete without them. 
To grow them in perfection, they require rich ground 
on a dry bottom; in such a situation, after being well- 
established, they will make shoots twenty feet long in 
one season. 

ROSA RQBIFOLIA. 

THE PRAIRIE EqSE. 

This native is destined to convey to every hall, 
cottage, and wigwam of the Union, the Rose, the 
acknowledged queen of flowers. Its constitution is 
such that it will bear without injury the icy breezes 
of the St. Lawrence, or the melting vapours of the 
Mississippi. It was in 1837 that we first saw a dou- 
ble variety of this rose, although such as has been 
cultivated in Ohio and Kentucky for many years. 
The flowers are produced in large clusters of various 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 27 



shades of colour from blush to deep rose, blooming 
with us from the end of June to the end of July, be- 
ing a period of the year when there are few others in 
a ^lowering state, thereby filling up a space between 
the first and second blooming of the Noisette, Tea, 
and Bourbon families. The foliage is rough, large, 
and generally of a dark green; the wood is strong 
and flexible, and for rapidity of growth has no equal. 
1 have no doubt that in good soil it would reach one 
hundred feet in a very few years. It is admirably 
adapted for covering rock work, old buildings, or 
any object requiring to be hid ; it also delights in a 
procumbent position, and can be used for covering 
naked spaces of rough ground, or even to make a 
llowery carpet of every shade of colour. For the fol- 
lowing varieties we are indebted to Mr. Samuel Feast, 
Nurseryman, Baltimore, who raised them from seeds 
of the native Prairie Rose. There is not a rose fan- 
cier but will thank him for opening a field for the 
hybridizer, in which the rose is to be cultivated to 
admiration, and blooming six months of the year, 
throughout every state of the Union. These roses 
will form parents to be impregnated with the more 
fragrant blooming sorts, such as Bourbon, Tea, Bengal 
and Noisette. We may therefore expect from them 
a progeny perfectly hardy, and blooming at least three 
»n- four times during the season. In general, rose 



28 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JtJNfi. 

growing is confined to latitudes south of 41*' , the Chi- 
nese varieties, and their hybrids, that bloom constant- 
ly, being too tender to bear winter exposure north of 
that line. When we can produce perpetual blooming 
hybrids from this Rosa Rubifolia, they will withstand 
every variety of climate, and perhaps may some day 
be seen covering the frozen hut of the Esquimaux. 
Baltimore Belle is a creamy white, producing a 
profusion of very compact and perfectly double 
flowers in clusters of six to twelve, very splendid. 
Beauty of the Prairies^ or Queen of the Prairies^ 
Mr. Feast's No. 1, is certainly the best of the group, 
having very large rose-coloured flowers three inches in 
diameter, frequently showing a stripe of white in the 
centre of each petal. They are produced in clusters, 
in which they always appear cup shaped, and stand 
for several days \yithout being affected by our scorch- 
ing sun. Its foliage is very large, of a dark green, 
wood strong and of luxuriant growth ; its blooming 
succeeds to that of the Garden or June Rose, and is 
the link connecting its congeners with that family. 
Pallida^ yery pale blush, perfectly double ; this rose 
appears to bloom finest when lying on the ground; in 
such a position it forms a solid mass of flowers and 
pale green foliage. Perpetual Michigan^ very dou^ 
ble, rosy purple ftow^er, quite flat ; this and the follow 
ing variety have a tendency to bloom a second time 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE. 29 

wlien under exciting culture. Superha^ delicate blush 
of very perfect cup-shape, blooming in fine clusters, 
and though very similar to Pallida^ is distinguished 
from it by having more pink colour in the centre. It 
makes an elegant pillar rose. The above sorts are 
so very double, that they seldom produce seed even 
by artificial aid. The variety called Elegans, which 
is generally grown in Ohio and Kentucky, and in 
some places called Chilicothe Midtijlora, has been 
cultivated here for many years; it is not so double, of 
a pink colour, seeds more freely, and when hybridized 
by the Perpetual and Chinese Roses, will give, no 
doubt, many varieties. J\^evia^ white, very double, a 
profuse bloomer and strong grower. The following 
varieties have been grown from seed by Mr. Joshua 
Pierce, Nurseryman, Washington city. Pride of 
Washington^ rosy violet, perfectly double. Anne 
Alaria, pink, large showy flower. Eva Cori?ine, very 
beautiful, dark pink, fragrant. Mrs. Pierce, large 
pale pink, in profuse clusters. Mrs. Hovey, with me 
the same as Mrs. Pierce in every respect. Trium- 
p/iant^ bright cherry pink, very distinct from any of 
t)ie others. Ja?ie, pink, very perfect in form, quite 
fragrant. There are several others, but entirely too 
much assimilated with those named to require any 
notice ; in fact six sorts will embrace all the colours 
and distinctive characters of the family. 
3* 



30 Rosfis That bloom in june. 

I have bloomed hundreds from seedlings that gave 
the greatest promise, but none of them equal to those 
above described, and 1 do not like the idea of retro- 
grading where there is such a field for advancing. 
They are all very easily propagated by layering in 
July: give the shoot of the present year's growth a 
twist, and then bury the twisted part six inches under 
ground ; in November, it will be well rooted, and can 
then be cut off and transplanted in any desired situa- 
tion; the tasteful husbandman may thus cover every 
unsightly fence rail. 

Having briefly disposed of the tribes of Climbing 
Koses, that bloom only once in the season, a few hints 
on their general culture will be in place. 

They will grow luxuriantly on any aspect or situa- 
tion, provided they are not entirely shaded by trees 
over head. The roots of trees and plants generally 
are of a growth proportionate to that of their 
branches ; from this data, and experience proves it, 
we find that roses of strong growch make strong roots, 
striking deep into the soil, and extending horizontally 
in quest of food to a surprising length; they require a 
rich soil, which, before planting, should be well pul- 
verized and freely broken; it should be of a character 
inclining more to sand than clay; if the latter pre- 
dominate it must be well incorporated with sand and 
old manure until it becomes of a friable nature. With 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE* 31 

two feet depth of such a soil, they will grow many 
years, and bloom profusely. When any decline is 
observed, it will indicate that they are in want of 
nourishment, which can easily be supplied by digging 
in about their roots three or four inches thick of ma- 
nure or rich compost. For such an operation the 
month of November to early in the spring is the best 
period of the year. Wherever their situation may be, 
all the pruning they require is merely to thin out the 
wood where it is too crowded, and to keep it within 
bounds. I have seen fine plants of many of the roses 
now described totally ruined for one year by the free 
use of the knife. 

Where manure cannot be conveniently obtained, 
fresh soil from the woods or rich grounds will be of 
great service j an occasional watering with soap- 
suds is also very beneficial to the rose. In city 
gardens we have often seen a few inches of very 
common poor soil thrown over clay, old bricks, 
lime rubbish, &c., v^hereon roses were planted, and 
grew well the first season, but the following they 
made barely sufiicient wood and foliage to keep 
them green; the result was unsatisfactory, and the 
fault laid to the rose ; whereas the whole fault was 
in the preparation of the ground. "Anything that 
is worth doing at all, is worth doing well," is a 
maxim always to be kept in mind in all gardening 
operations. 



32 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



ROSA RUBiGINOSA. 

THE SWEET BRIER. 

The Eglantine has been the theme of poets and 
lovers for many centuries. It is to be found in some 
sort growing wild in many parts of both hemispheres. 
To the flower there is no special beauty attached, 
being a very simple-looking single pink blossom. 
Although there may be great beauty in simplicity, 
yet to admirers of the rose, singleness is at once an 
objection. The odour emitted by the plant after a 
shower, or when fresh with the dews of evening and 
morning, is certainly very grateful, and even deli- 
cious. Wherever there is a hedge to be planted, it 
should have a few plants of the sw'eet brier inter- 
spersed ; it bears clipping well, and even a hedge 
of itself would prove a garden ornament rarely 
equalled, being of a lively green, and its many asso- 
ciations will make it always pleasing. To keep it 
within bounds, it can be freely clipped or sheared 
twice a year, and should not be allowed to get over 
four feet high. The plant grows in many of our 
woods, and is described by some American botanists, 
although others considered it to be an acclimated 



R0S£6 THAT ELOOM IN JtJNE. 33 

foreigner ; be that as it may, its fragrance and quali- 
ties are the same, and familiar to all. Growers and 
sellers have taken the advantage either by hybrid- 
izing or natural appearance, and have introduced 
to our notice Double Yellow Sweet Briers^ Double 
White Sweet Briers^ Double Red Sweet Briers^ Celes- 
tial Sweet Briers^ Double Striped Sweet Briers^ and 
what will come next cannot be divined. Some of 
these are certainly well worth attention, and others 
are about as much like a raspberry bush as a sweet 
brier. However, the following may be cultivated, 
observing that they have none of the climbing cha- 
racter of the original. Celestial^ very pale blush, 
approaching to white ; flowers small and double ; 
foliage small, and has a little of the spicy odour so 
agreeable in the original. It appears to be a hybrid, 
between the Eglantine and the Scotch Rose. Rose 
Angle has bright rosy red flowers, quite double, 
grows freely 5 foliage stronger than the preceding, 
and equally as fragrant. Double Red, or Double 
Scarlet, has a stiff strong habit, with very large 
dark green foliage ; flowers of a dark rosy red 
colour, quite large and perfectly double ; its habit 
is quite dwarf and stiff. Double White Hip, or Sweet 
Brier; this is too different from the original to be 
classed with itj they are, however, remotely con- 
nected. The growth is very strong; we have plants 



34 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

seven feet high, making a very superb pillar ; the 
foliage is large, of a pale silvery gieen; the flowers 
are very perfectl}'- cupped, of a rose-white colour. 
The Double Yellow Sweet Brier* will be nearly as 
difficult to find as the Yellow Moss ; all I have seen 
with that name are mere interlopers, being the Kosa 
Harrisonii, Williams' Yellow Scotch, and some not 
even meriting the name of yellow. Strong shoots 
of the common sweet brier make very good stocks 
to bud or graft upon, and are extensively used in 
England for that purpose. 



ROSA LL'TEA. 

.E YEI^LOW AUSTRIAN KOSE, 

Botanists do not appear to agree in considering 
Kosa Lutea and Rosa Sulphurea as distinct species. 
But we will proceed regarding them as one. There 
are hundreds, if not thousands, of varieties of the 
rose family cultivated ; among such a progeny it is 

• The Austrian Brier, or, as it is called, Si?igle Yellow Sweet 
Brier, is very common in many old gardens. The flowers are 
equally as bright as the Harrisonii, with one side of the petals, 
in certain stages, inclining to red. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 35 

rather remarkable that there are so few yellow, and 
none black 5 yet there are no two colours more 
sought for. The Rosa Sulphurea, or Double Yellow 
of Lindley, has never been seen in a single state. It 
is a very old inhabitant of the gardens of Europe, 
though comparatively rare here. In Scotland, twenty- 
five years ago, I saw a plant of it, which was then 
considered a great curiosity, though it appeared to 
have been there a quarter of a century ; it always 
showed a profusion of buds, but rarely a well-blown 
flower; it never felt the pruning knife, being left 
to nature. History first notices it as being cultivated 
in Turkey. Nothing of its origin is as yet knov/n, 
though supposition give it a locality on the fertile 
soil of the Chinese empire. This rose has produced 
a great deal of money to the French venders, espe- 
cially those charlatans who make their market in 
strange places, where they never intend to appear 
again under the same name. It has travelled from 
east to west as the Double Yellow Proinns^ Bouhle 
Yellow MosSj &c. The foliage is small, of a pale 
yellowish-green, the wood rather slender and weak, 
studded with small thorns; the branches spreading. 
There is a large plant of it that has been in the 
garden of the late Henry Pratt, Esq., near this city, 
for perhaps thirty years, and has never been known 
to produce a perfect flower. It is said that the 



36 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

gardens of Florence, Leghorn, and other parts of Tus- 
cany, produce this rose in perfection, which proves 
that it requires a dry rich soil and an even tempera- 
ture to bring it to perfection. 

Persian Yellow is a rose of very recent introduc- 
tion, of the most brilliant golden colour, quite double, 
large firm petals, cup-form, a strong grower, blooming 
profusiily, casting all other yellow roses entirely in 
the shade, a stronger grower than the Harrisonii and 
requiring the same treatment, blooming as early and 
equally as profuse. 

Harrisonii^ Hogg's Yellow^ Yellow Sweet Brier. — 
This very pretty yellow rose was grown by a Mr. 
Harrison, near New York, about twenty years ago, 
and is evidently a seedling from the Yellow Austrian ; 
its growth, after being well established, is quite luxu- 
riant, often making shoots six feet long in one season. 
The wood is of a dark reddish brown colour, with 
strong straight thorns, the foliage small, of a dark 
rich green ; the flowers open of a globular form, and 
appear like as many golden balls ] when open they 
are about two inches in diameter, and nearly double, 
blooming very early in the season, and in great pro- 
fusion ; it seeds rather sparingly, but will no doubt 
produce many fine varieties. It delights in a good 
deep loamy soil, although it may grow in any soil or 
exposure J seeds saved from it should be sown and 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



protected with the greatest care, and at no distant pe- 
riod we may anticipate, from this very plant, yellow 
roses possessing all the requisites of colour and form 
that the amateur can desire. The pruning must be 
J-one very sparingly ; if the plant gets crowded, thin 
out the branches ; the overgrown and straggling shoots 
can be shortened to any required length. 



ROSA SPINOSISSIMA. 

THE SCOTCH; OR BURNET ROSE. 

This species of the rose takes its name from its be 
ing very thorny. It is in habit very much assimila- 
ted to the yellow roses, though of a more spiny or 
tiiorny nature. It has been found growing in many 
of the Alpine districts of Europe, though it is gener- 
ally known as the Scotch Rose, deriving its name 
from the fact of the first introduction of it in a dou- 
ble state having been by the Messrs. Brown, Nursery- 
men, of Perth, (Scotland.) As a stimulant to rose 
growers, I will relate what I have heard from the late 
Mr. Robert Brown, who domiciled near this city, 
and was the very individual who planted the seeds 
and distributed thousands of this rose through the flo- 
4 



38 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

ricultural world. He says that " in or about the year 
1793 he introduced to his nursery, from a hill in the 
neighborhood, seeds saved from this rose, which pro- 
duced semi-double flowers, and by continuing a selec- 
tion of seeds, and thus raising new plants every year, 
they in 1803 had eight good double varieties to dis- 
pose of; being white, yellow, shades of blush, red and 
marble ; from these the stock was increased, and hun- 
dreds of varieties obtained which have been diffused 
over all Europe." Several of them are cultivated in 
this country. We may safely assert that this patri- 
arch of horticulture was the first to grow roses from 
seed on a grand scale half a century ago. He died 
in the autumn of 1S45, and is interred in Philadelphia 
Cemetery. He lived in the enjoyment of all his fac- 
ulties, retaining at an advanced age much of his for- 
mer originality of mind, and to him 1 am indebted 
for the communication of many practical facts, the 
results of his long and valuable experience. The 
original varieties of this rose are not esteemed by am- 
ateurs in this country. In my twenty-two years prac- 
tice as an American Nurseryman I have not sold fifty 
plants of it 5 but recent hybrids have given som.e of 
them a tendency to bloom three or four times during 
the season, causing them to be more admired, which 
will be noticed under the head of perpetual Roses. 
In pruning, treat it as described for the Yellow Rose. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 39 



ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 



THE PROVINS, on CABBAGE ROSE. 



This very celebrated and justly popular rose has 
been an inhabitant of English gardens for nearly 
three hundred years ; its native country is rather 
obscure, though vague tradition says it comes from 
the east, a term of great breadth and length ; how- 
ever, Bieberstein asserts having seen it growing on the 
Caucasus. Some supposed that this is the rose men- 
tioned by Pliny as being a great favourite among the 
Romans. In this taste the modern world still agree, 
for it disputes the palm of beauty with its sisters of 
tlie present day; although it has been crossed and 
amalgamated with many others, few of the progeny 
outvie the parent in size, beauty, perfection and fra- 
grance. In the humid air of Britain, it blooms, for 
two months in the summer, around almost every 
cottage ; but with us, two or three weeks in June 
display every flower, and if the weather is very hot, 
they flower and fade in a day. I confess that there is 
great difficulty in deciding on the varieties that do 
belong to this species, but as we intend to describe 
only the finest, the specific character will not affect 



40 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



the quality. The Provins or Cabbage Rose takes its 
name from a town about twenty leagues from Paris, 
where it is extensively grown for distilling ; Cabbage, 
irom the form of the rose, being of a large round 
cupped form, never expanding flat. Some suppose 
that its name is Provence, from a province in the 
south of France, of which it is said to be a native ; 
the authority is rather vague, and not adopted by the 
scientific. The colour is a clear delicate pink, the 
wood strong, distantly studded with thorns. The 
Unique, or JVhite Provins, is a sported branch from 
the old variety, differing in. colour, and also in the 
sha.pe of flower, being weaker, having the petals more 
crumpled, and not so cugped ; the colour is pure white, 
though it is liable to sport, for I have seen it a pretty 
blush, and in some instances striped and margined. 
Belgic, or Dutch Provins, is even larger than the 
\:abbage, being four or five inches in diameter; colour 
red; buds large and very splendid, and is the most 
common rose in the country — called the Cabbage 
Rose, from which it differs very materially in the 
wood not having such strong prickles, though of 
more free growth ; the flower also expands fully, 
which the cabbage never does. Duchesne is a large 
blush, and a good bloomer, with well-formed flowers. 
Duchesse d^ Orleans is perhaps a little hybridized, 
and is a very splendid variety, of a bright rosy pink 



HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUXE. 41 

colour, inclining to blush towards the edge. It is 
a good grower and free bloomer. Belle Ruineuse 
is a beautiful light blush pink, very double, and 
linely cupped. Cricks^ or Yorkshire Provins, has 
very much the appearance of the old Cabbage Pro- 
vins, though a shade darker, and opens its flowers 
more freely. Crested Provins. frequently, though 
erroneously, called Crested Moss, is the very best 
of the group ; its striking peculiarity consists in the 
green silken mossy fringe surrounding the sepals of 
the calyx, as it were, half enveloping the bud — a 
regular moustache, far more elegant and beautiful 
m the estimation of refined taste than any of those 
worn by the exquisites of the day. Its bright rosy 
pink buds are large, the bloom opening very perfect 
and pendant. If grown on a standard, about two 
to four feet high, the beauty is improved. This 
very curious rose is said to be a sport from the Pro- 
vins Cabbage, and when fully expanded it might 
be taken for a fine variety of such, though the foliage 
is stronger, and of a better colour than the original. 
Reine Caroline may be placed with the Provins, and 
will vie in beauty with any. It is desirable from 
its being about two weeks later than any of the pre- 
ceding; the flower is large, colour deep pink, varying 
to blush. It grows freely, and is a great bloomer. 
Grand Bercam is among the darkest, being a deep 
4* 



42 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

rose colour ; flowers quite large, though not so perfect 
as some others. The Provins Rose has undergone so 
much hybridizing by cultivators, that it has, in many 
instances, been eclipsed in colour, growth, and habit, 
though few will say that it is excelled in beauty of 
form. The striped and hybrid varieties from it will 
come under their proper heads, the best of which will 
be fully described. They require a free rich loamy 
soil ; close pruning, that is, shortening the shoots of 
the preceding year to three or four eyes, keeps them 
in the best order; choosing the mouth of February 
for the operation. 



ROSA CENTIFOLIA, var. MUSCOSA. 

THE MOSS ROSE.* 

This much admired rose is unquestionably a m.ere 
variety of the Provins; although its origin remains in 
obscurity, it has been repeatedly proven to produce 
flowers, without any moss, on either buds, leaves, 

* In very cold latitudes, where the thermometer falls fre- 
quently below zero, all the Moss Roses are better for being 
protected by dry leaves or a mat, except Luxembourg and the 
Perpetual White, which, 1 am informed, stand out most rigor- 
ous winters. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JtJNE. 43 

or branches. In 1836 a plant in my nursery had a 
large shoot on it that sported back to the Provins, 
and entirely destitute of its mossy coat. I believe 
that Sir James Smith mentions, in "Rees' Cyclo- 
paedia," that in Italy it loses its mossiness almost 
immediately through the influence of climate. It 
was first noticed about the years 1720 to 1724, and 
is mentioned by Miller in 1727. There is no rose 
that has been and is still so highly esteemed as the 
Moss, h is figured and emblazoned in every quarter 
of the globe ; every rose that has the word moss 
attached to it increases in value, and this fact has 
brought many under this head having very little of 
its character; and among them all it is question- 
able if th^re is one so very beautiful in bud as the 
common AIoss Rose, generally known under the 
name of Red Moss, in contradistinction, I suppose, 
to white, for it is not red ; it is purely rose-colour, 
and in bud is truly lovely, but when full blown it 
has no peculiar attraction. Blush Moss is in colour 
as its name indicates. The Crimson, Damask, or 
Tinwell Moss is, when opening, a shade deeper in 
colour than the common Moss, the foliage larger, 
Vvood stronger and more mossy, and if the old Moss 
Rose has a competitor, it is in this, ^ngeliqite 
Qiietier is a strong growing plant, with rather sin- 
gular foliage ; the flowers are very double, of a cherry 



4*4 noSKS THAT BLOO.-\t IN JUXE. 

red colour. Louise Colet is of a delicate rose colour. 
Rouge, Rouge de Luocembourg^ Ferrttgineuse, VieiUard 
and Luxemlourg Moss ; this brilliant Moss is known 
under all tl ese names, and like all fine roses, it has 
many synonymes ; the flowers are bright red, imbri- 
cated, and perfectly double 5 the whole plant is very 
mossy, and has a brown appearance ; it is a free 
grower, and appears to do better in this climate than 
any of the others ; it seeds profusely without artificial 
means. 1 have had several plants from it without 
any mossy appearance, and others distinctly mossy 
Malvina is also a free seeder; the flow^ers are pink, 
very compact, but it will never gratify the nasal 
organ. JProlifere, or Mottled Moss, is a very free 
bloomer, though the mottled part of its character 
is not easily detected. It grows freely, and forms a 
tine variety of a deep rose colour. Oscar Foulard is 
very pretty, with compact flowers of a rosy violet 
colour ; the plant is very mossy, and blooms pro- 
fusely. Pompon Feu, a very expressive name for 
this bright red miniature rose. It appears to grow 
well with us, but will never be admired at a distance. 
Ponctuee is only a half double rose, but beautifully 
spotted with white, and if impregnated with others, 
will make an excellent variety from which to grow 
new sorts. Provins Moss, or Unique de Provins, is a 
fac-simile of the old Unique, or White Provins Rose, 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 45 

only mossed; its habit is similar, and equally robust, 
with large white flowers, blooming in the same mag- 
nificent clusters; it is yet quite rare, but with the 
present facilities for propagating, it cannot long re- 
main so. Mauget or Perpetual Red Moss; this long 
dreamed of, and wished for rose, has at last made its 
appearance; the wood is of a very delicate growth, 
and quite short; it blooms two or three times in the 
season, of a rosy pink colour, flowers medium size, 
and not fully double ; its beauties are more imaginary 
than real; it is, however, a perpetual blooming Moss 
Rose, and very desirable. Comtesse de Murinais^ 
white occasionally edged with pink. General Dronat, 
red, blooming twice during the season, and called per- 
petual. Her?uan Kegel, rosy crim.son, flowering fre- 
quently during the season, also a perpetual. Princess 
Royal, pale pink of strong growth, a profuse bloomer. 
^'lllce Leroi, in o-rowth forms a great contrast to the 
Perpetual, being a very strong and free grower, and 
appears to suit our climate well ; the flowers are 
large and double, of a rosy lilac colour. Pompon, or 
Moss de Meaux, is very small, and is the earliest of 
roses, blooms in clusters, of a delicate pink colour ; 
the plant is very dwarf, and difficult of cultivation, 
unless in a sandy rich soil, where it grows and holds 
permanently. Panachte Pleine, or Double White 
Striped Moss, has as yet produced flowers of pure 



46 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JU-\E. 

white striped with pink, but it may be expected 
(like many other striped roses) to produce flowers 
pure white or pink. I have often seen the old White 
Moss have one-half the flower white, and the other 
half pink. Sables is only half double, of a bright 
rose colour, frequently spotted with red. Sa?is Sepales 
is flesh coloured, the edges of the petals pale rose, 
affording a very distinct variety. The White Bath, 
or Clifton 3Ioss, is pure white, of rather delicate 
growth, and rather deficient in the "mossy coat" so 
much admired in this tribe. If it had the beauty, 
while in bud, of the old moss, it would be an invalu- 
able acquisition; it is said to have originated from a 
sportive branch of the common Moss Eose. In. Eng- 
land, about thirty-five years ago, when it first " came 
out," it brought in the guineas at a great rate. Prin- 
cess Adelaide, is a hybrid variety of great luxuriance — 
growing six to eight feet in a season, producing its 
very perfect rosy blush flowers, in large* clusters, and 
is generally known as the Borhon Moss. Laffay''s 
Perpetual White Moss, or the Quatre Saisons Mous- 
seux of the French, is pure white, and is very pretty 
when in bud, which it produces in clusters. The 
expanded rose has no attraction, but the profusion 
amply makes up for this ; if grown in rich free soil it 
produces flowers the whole season ; in such a soil I 
have a plant now (August) entirely covered with 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 47 

bunches of flowers. On paying a visit to a public 
sale last spring I saw it sold under the very enticing 
name of "The New White Cluster Moss." Such 
christenings are an injury to both seller and pur- 
chaser. The Moss Rose in this country is a plant of 
very difficult culture unless in a rich sandy soil; but 
if it is once fairly established in a rich deep loam, it 
will make shoots six feet long; when such can be 
obtained, its permanency is sure. To encourage its 
growth, fresh soil, well incorporated with manure, 
should be dug in about its roots every winter. The 
pruning must be done sparingly. If the plants are 
kept low they never do well, often dying off as soon 
as they have done blooming. I have lost three or 
four hundred in a single season by overdoing the 
operation; but if they are kept in bushes four or five 
feet above-ground, they will grow admirably; they 
also delight in an airy exposed situation. Moss Roses 
in variety are very scarce, even in Europe; no estab- 
lishment can supply them in any quantity. The cata- 
logues are more full than the stock ; there are many 
sorts yearly added to the lists, which are mere abor- 
tions when compared with what is known as the 
Moss Rose. The new sorts are all budded on the 
French Eglantine, and form small trees, that require 
to be kept free from the suckers which push up from 
the roots, or the grafts would be impoverished and die. 



48 ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE. 



Rose trees are quite fashionable, but they must in no 
case be allowed to put forth any shoots below the bud 
or head of the plant. Standard or tree roses trained 
in parasol or umbrella shape, make very interesting 
objects, and the flowers they produce are all fully 
exposed to the eye, and appear as though almost float- 



ing in the air. 



ROSA GALLICA 



THE ROSE OF FRANCE. 



This rose takes its name from its great abundance 
in hedges and other cultivated grounds in France. 
Some, writers consider it "evidently the hundred- 
leaved rose of Fliny," so that it must have been 
long known in cultivation. It is rather curious that 
the French call it Rose de Provins, while the English 
give it the name of French Rose. It is a very great 
seed-bearer, and has consequently been much used by 
florists in crossing with other varieties to produce new 
sorts; the results have been hundreds, though more 
astonishing, in many instances, for their exalted names 
than for any other merits; yet there are many of the 
most perfect character, composed of numerous and 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 49 

regularly formed petals, with colours of almost every 
imaginable shade. The distinguishing features of this 
famih'- are strong upright flower-stalks, want of large 
prickles, rigid leaves, and compact growth. The 
colours vary from pink to the deepest shades of 
crimson. Nearly all the striped, mottled, and varie- 
gited roses have originated in this group; the recent 
varieties and improvements of character have gone 
beyond all calculation, and we may safely arrive at 
the conclusion that roses of every imaginable colour, 
except blue and black, will be in cultivation at no 
distant period; and then it will be nothing remark- 
able to see white roses edged with crimson, and crim- 
son edged with white. Even now I confess that to 
give a faint description, is a task of considerable diffi- 
culty. It is a vast garland, every link of wliich shines 
out in harmonious variety; but from this wreath 1 
will cull only those of merit, and which will be 
always worthy of culture for some g^od quality. 
Africaine^ or Belle Africaine^ is one of the very 
darkest; if seen as soon as open, it approaches nearer 
black than any other, but soon fades to dark crimson. 
The flower is very double and compact. Aurora is 
a bright pink, of the hundred-leaved style ; it grows 
and blooms freely. Amourin has an agreeable rosy 
blush colour in its imbricated and perfectly double 
flower. Baron de Stael blooms perfectly, and always 



50 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

gives satisfaction, with its pale cherry-coloured flowers, 
which are large and perfectly formed. Belle Jlmahih^ 
dark shaded red, always large and attractive, with 
bold full petals, and contrasts well with the shaded 
pink flowers of Bishop. Champion has very bright 
red flowers, full and perfect, blooming most freely. 
Carmin Brilliant is w^ell and expressively named, 
it would facilitate the love of flowers to a great degree 
if their names were always expressive of colour or 
character; but the title is often all the quality the 
article can boast of. Chardon Bleu, or, in other 
words, Blue Thistle; such a name for a dark slatey 
shaded crimson rose, is preposterous ; yet so it is. 
Bvffon, very dark violet crimson, large and fine. 
Coronation is very brilliant, nearly approaching scar- 
let; it has bold full petals, is a profuse bloomer, and 
perfectly formed. Due de Choiseul is a very distinct 
article, flowers freely, double. It is well formied, of 
a pale rose colour, with a deep carmine centre. 
Elemensie is another very distinct variety, with large 
expanded flowers of a rosy crimson colour, growing 
and blooming freely. Eliza is a large blush, finely 
cupped, and a late bloomer. Eliza Leker is a beau- 
tiful pale rose, frequently a little marbled, but so 
very indistinctly that it must have been fancy in him 
who described it as such. Eclat des Roses ; there are 
several roses cultivated under this loud name ; the one 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 51 

before us is a large bright rose, edged with blush, 
with bold and perfect petals, and always very double. 
Fanny Bias, or Fanny Parissot, is a great favourite 
and has few compeers. Every one admires it; the 
colour is also scarce in the family, being pale blush 
shading to bright pink towards the centre. It is 
extremely double, and is greatly to be admired for its 
symmetry; it is a free bloomer. Gloire des Jardins 
is a large bright red, fully imbricated, and always 
perfectly double. Hortense Beauharnais, though de- 
scribed as Rose vif Ponctuiz, is not worthy of that 
distinction ; these faint spots seen in it after close 
inspection, are too faint to be deserving of notice. 
Hercules, if it had not another quality besides its 
delicious fragrance, should be in every garden. Its 
flowers are large, and bright red, expanding freely 
and fully double. Isabel and Prolifere are the same; 
very double pink, in clusters and in great profusion ; 
one mass of pretty pink flowers. Juliana is also a 
pretty perfectly double pinkish red, one of those 
colours that the eye delights to rest upon. King of 
Rome, Ponceau Parfait, and Theodore de Crose ; this 
very fine and perfect rose, like many others of first 
quality, has a plurality of names, and if it should 
have as many more, they will not darken its brigh 
red colour, nor disarrange its very perfect form. La 
Favorite is a bright cherry red, of good habit. La 



52 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

Js^egj'esse, not so black as its name implies, only a 
very superb double crimson, very large, expanded, 
and fully double. Madame Cottin, or Sophie Cottin^ 
is a very large bright rose, and a free bloomer. Maid 
of Brussels^ very large beautiful pink, fine form. 
Maid of Orleans^ pale rose, shaded with blush, very 
superb. Mohilida is a beautiful double pink, with a 
blush edge, very pretty and profuse. Matilda is 
another very handsome pink, and greatly admired ; 
its closely imbricated petals and profusion are great 
attractions. J^onpareil is another imbricated pink, 
but several shades darker than the former. J^arbonne 
is quite a new rose, of a beautiful cherry purple, per- 
fectly imbricated, a profuse bloomer, and of good 
habit. Ornement de Parade^ an abundant blooming 
large pink, of rapid growth, and strong habit. P olive- 
tis is a very bright crimson, of the crown form always 
admired. Philippe Quatre is a new pink rose, with 
very large flowers, having bold round petals ; though 
not so full as others, yet it is very desirable in a col- 
lection. Pourpre de Vienne blooms ver}'- early, of a 
distinct purplish blush colour, with perfectly double 
cupped flowers in great profusion. Queen of Violets 
is an old rose, but as scarce as if it had originated 
only last season. The form is of the most perfectly 
imbricated character, and the colour of a violet purple 
rarely met with. Ranunculus takes its name from 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 53 

being like that flower; it is a great and persistent 
bloomer, of very double form, showing a profusion of 
mottled rosy purple flowers all over the plant. Roijal 
Bouquet is of a crown form admired by all; the colour 
is a bright soft pink, and for profusion it is equal to 
the preceding, and of the same habits. Saint Francois 
is a bright rosy pink of very neat form. Susannah is 
a clear red, contrasting beautifully with the former. 
Souvenir de J^avarino is a delicate expanded pink, 
finely double, and a certain bloomer. Tuscany^ or 
Black Tuscany^ is not black, but of a very dark rich 
crimson ; in richness of colour it has very few equals, 
and to behold it in its beautv it must be seen before 
the sun affects it. Its deficiency is want of petals, 
but it forms an excellent parent from which to pro- 
cure seed; for being profuse in pollen, you can always 
readily obtain it to impart to other sorts richness of 
colour. 

The varieties of Rosa Gallica are very numerous, 
and every year adds to the quantity; they all do best 
grown on their own roots; their growth is such as 
v/ili require to be kept under with the knife, and 
they bear pruning much better than the Provins or 
Moss Rose. The best period for the operation is 
from November to early in the spring; thin out the 
wood where it is thick, and cut back the young shoots 
to three or four eyes of the wood of the preceding 



54 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

year's growth. When the pruning of a plant is 
finished, there should not be one shoot crossing an- 
other, and every shoot or branch should stand free 
and straight. The plants require manure or rich 
compost dug in among their roots once a year, unless 
the ground is of a very rich nature; in that case once 
in two years will be sufficient. If some of the plants 
are pruned in November, and others in March, or 
after the foliage begins to appear, it will make about 
eight or ten days' difference in their time of bloom- 
ing. This practice is often resorted to in Europe, 
which greatly retards their bloom in cool or moist 
climates; but with us the results are not so decisive, 
though quite perceptible. Many of the sorts sucker 
freely; in such cases the superfluous ones should be 
removed in the spring, and planted where wanted, or 
destroyed. 



VARIETIES OF ROSA GALLICA. 

STRIPED, SPOTTED, AND MAEELED. 

To Rosa Gallica we are indebted for nearly all 
these curiously spotted, mottled, and striped roses re^- 
cently brought into cultivation. The very old dwarf, 
Rosa Mzindi, is a pure Gallica, and is frequently con- 
founded with the true York and Lancaster Rose, 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 55 

whi'h is a pure damask, and a strong grower; the 
ibnr.er is a type of what we are about to describe, 
and although many have been imported by us under 
this class, I must acknowledge that there are few dis- 
tinct enough with other perfect characters to merit 
the attention of the rose growing amateur. All par- 
ti-colouring in the rose is greatly defaced by exposure 
to the full rays of the sun in a day of June ; it is 
necessary, therefore, to see them as soon as open, or 
on a cloudy day, when they are in all their variegated 
perfection. Andre Thouin is purplish crimson, mar- 
bled, spotted with rose. Arethusa is bright rose, dis- 
tinctly spotted with blush. Berleze^ or UAhbe Ber- 
leze^ is a very double violet crimson, beautifully, 
though not very distinctly, mottled with rose. Bico- 
lor is nearly scarlet, having a pure white stripe in each 
petal, and when half open is really very pretty ; it is 
not fully double : it bears an abundance of seed, and 
will produce, no doubt, many fine varieties. Boquet 
de Lisle, large violet purple, spotted with lilac. Ca- 
mnieu is a pretty rosy lilac, distinctly striped with 
blush white, perfectly double, always opening well. 
Cosimo Randolphi, violet, spotted with lilac, cup-form, 
large and double. Fontenelle is quite nei"", and a 
beautiful bright rose mottled with blush, perfectly 
double. HzrsiUe is a beautiful pink, spotted with 
white, imbricated, and very double. Mo?iime, with 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



very double bright rosy violet flowers, mottled with 
light purple. Malesherhes or Melsherha^ is more of a 
Chinese hybrid than a Gallica, and is the more desi- 
rable,* as its growth is thereby improved 5 the flowers 
are very double, rosy purple, faintly spotted with white. 
Marceaiij delicate rose, spotted with lilac, very double, 
compact and fragrant. Minos is a very double bright 
rose, suffused with numerous small white spots, very 
distinct and perfectly double. Prince de Chimay 
is of a rosy purple, very double, with large spots 
of rosy white. Panaditz Pldne^ as its name repre- 
sents, is fully double, striped rose and w^hite very dis- 
tinctly, and the full length of the petals. Donna Sol 
is a new variety, with large, very double, rosy pink 
flowers, and spotted with dark rose of strong growth ; 
it ^\ill be very liable to run into one colour in rich 
heavy soils. Jeanne Hachette is another novelty in this 
famiily ,• the flowers are almost as large as our old Perpet- 
ual J eanne Hachette, but darker in colour, being a red 
suffused with blush spots. GEillet parfait is beautifully 
striped like a Bizarre Carnation, with rose, red and 
white ; is of a tine globular form, and is one of the best 
of the group. (Eillet flamand is its counterpart, re- 
quiring a very critical eye to distinguish them apart. 
Perle des panac/iees, white striped faintly with violet 
and lilac. Pourpre Striee de Blanc is a light purple, 
with numerous small stripes of white 5 flowers fully 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 57 



-double. Renoncule Poncthte is very double, beauti- 
fully spotted and marbled with rose, crimson, and 
white; nothing in the division like it. Tricolor Su- 
perba is a double crimson, with large petals, shaded 
and marked with rose and white. Panac/.ti Dou'le^ 
Village Maid, or Bell Rubuie, was tlie first of the fine 
double stj-iped roses, and has been cultivated and sold 
under these three names; the flowers are perfectly 
double, and very like* a fine Bizarre Carnation, having 
stripes of deep rose, pink, and white, regularly over 
the petals, from the base to the apex.* 

There are few indeed of the striped and spotted 
roses deserving the great eulogiuras and extravagant 
descriptions given them by growers and writers. The 
new sorts have added little to redeem the old. 
They require to be seen in bloom before they are 
served up to the better tastes of our American rose 
fanciers. 

From the above it will be seen that this class of 
roses are rapidly multiplying, and with perseverance 
and attention we may raise as fine kinds in this coun- 
try as they do in France ; for they appear to seed in 
great abundance. The variegated kinds do not make 
such strong wood, generally speaking, as those of uni- 



* This rose, like all of the striped and spotted sorts, reverts 
back to self-colours.. 1 have whole plants of it of a rosy lilac 
colour. 



58 ROSES THAT BLOOx^I IN JUNE. 

form colours, and we find that in strong and rich soils- 
much of the diversity'- is lost. It is therefore advisable 
to keep them in moderate soils inclining to a sandy 
nature, and their characters will be brightened and 
rendered more permanent, refreshing the soil every 
alternate year with m.anure or rich compost. The 
following sorts seed freely, and can be impregnated 
with any other sort that fancy may dictate, selecting 
those that have regularly formed flowers without be- 
ing crowded with petals, Andie Thouin, Ar-ethusa, 
Bicolor, Village Maid, and Tricolor Superb a. Seeds 
fiom these will produce every imaginable variety, 
from blush to crimson. 



ROSA ALBA. 



WHITE GARDEN ROSE. 



The white rose of the gardens has been cultivated 
from time immemorial. Although the original single 
white or blush has seldom been seen in cultivation, 
yet the double is very frequent, keeping ward at th^ 
door of the cottage, or towering by the window case- 
ments of our oldest homesteads. It is often called 
the white climbing rose. It must have been intro- 



duced by our pilgrim fathers — a fit emblem of thei 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 59 

purity, and a smiling memorial of the land of their 
nativity. It is rather remarkable that among the 
many new varieties of the rose, there are so few 
whites. Those I will introduce under this head, be- 
long perhaps more properly to the Damask or Gallica 
species; yet I am convinced they will be more in 
place at the head of this article than in any other di- 
vision. Globe Hip, White Globe, or Boule de JVeige 
of the French, is an English rose, raised from seeds 
of the common white, a very pure white, fully double 
and of a globular form. A few years ago it was con- 
sidered " not to be surpassed 5" but that prediction, 
like many others, has fallen to the ground, and now 
.Madam Hardy is triumphant, being larger, fully as 
pure, more double, and an abundant bloomer; the fo- 
liage and wood are also stronger. The French des- 
cribe it "grande pleine, blanche, cjeusee;" or, in 
other words, large very double pure white, and of a 
cup or bowl form. La Belle Augusta is a blush, 
changing to nearly white, fully double, a strong grow- 
er, and flowers profusely. Princesse Clementine, 
pure white, perfectly double, and has in its composi- 
tion a portion of the Provins Rose. Reine des Beiges 
is a pure and perfectly double variety, well deserving 
its name. There are several other whites inferior to 
these, and not worth cultivating when better can be 
obtained. In pruning they require to be treated in 



GO K03E3 THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

the same method as Gallica Roses. But budded 
plants, about two or three feet high, are great beau- 
ties ; their beautiful soft white flowers are brought 
nearer the eye, contrasting agreeably on the foliage 
of the plant. They are all free growers, and require 
the knife to keep them thin, and in proper bounds. 
They may, in all other respects, be treated as hardy 



ROSA DAMASCENA. 

DAMASK KOSE, OR ROSE OF DAMASCUS. 

The Damask Rose is frequently confounded with 
the Provins and Gallicas ; but this is not to be won- 
dered at when the mixture of the various species by 
impregnation is indiscriminately practised every year, 
often producing plants and flowers, about whose fam- 
ily scarcely two judges could agree. I will, however, 
point out a few that still possess all the marks and 
characters of the pure species. They all have that 
delicious odour so peculiar to the "old-fashioned Da- 
mask Rose," and produce also their flowers in clus- 
ters ; they have a long succession of bloom, and by 
extra culture two or three of them have a tendency 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 61 

to bloom in the fall, and are called by the French 
"Rose des Quatre Saisons." They are all distin- 
guished by long spreading branches thickly set with 
prickles J the foliage is strong, of a pale green, and 
deeply nerved. Belladonna is a delicate pink, and a 
profuse bloomer. Grand Triomphe is also a light 
pink, very double, and crowded with bloom. Impe- 
rial^ a large blush flower, rather loose, but a very dis- 
tinct sort. La Folie de Course, bright rose, large and 
[perfectly double. Leda is perhaps not a true Damask, 
but a very distinct and pretty variety, with white 
flowers edged with pink, " blanche bordee." La Ville 
de Bruxelles is very double, of a bright rose colour, 
with strong foliage. Mathilde de Mondeviile is one 
of the sweetest of roses, of a delicate rosy lilac fa- 
ding to blush, and blooms profusely. Pa'mted Da- 
mask, in some soils, may have that quality indicated by 
its name, but in my loamy soil it is always rose col- 
oured, and not so well painted as the old York and 
Lancaster, which is often striped, and frequently one- 
half pink and the other half white, thus according 
with the tradition, that, on the extinction of the feud 
between the houses of York and Lancaster, this rose 
sprung up, with the one side pink and the other white. 
Monthly Damask is a bright pink, blooming in clus- 
ters and repeatedly during the season if in rich ground. 
It is a general favourite. White Monthly Damask is 



62 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

not such a free bloomer as the former; these bear 
seed freely, and have been the parents of many of 
the roses known as Perpetuals. In pruning give them 
the same treatment as directed for the Provins and 
(lallica roses. 



HYBRID CHINESE HOSES. 

Until within a few years this division of the rose 
was entirely unknown. It has originated from seeds 
of the Bengal, Tea, and Bourbon roses, impregnated 
with pollen from the Provins, Damask, Centifolia, 
and other sorts that bloom only once in the season. 
The progeny is greatly improved in growth, foliage, 
colour, and form of flowers, but deficient in the ever- 
blooming tendency of one of the parents. This defi- 
ciency, however, is amply made up by the great beauty 
of the flower, its habit, and diversity of brilliant 
colours. They present a combination of the grand 
and beautiful, which must be seen to be fully realized. 
For pillars and trellising they are not surpassed 5 the 
wood of many of them is very luxuriant, growing six 
to ten feet in a season ; the foliage, too, is always 
agreeable, being generally of a rich glossy green. 
Others are dwarf, and very compact in their habits; 



HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 63 

in fact they offer every shade of colour (none yellow, 
1 believe) from white to almost black 5 every variety 
of growth from one foot upward. Some of them seed 
abundantly, and there is no end to the variety that 
may be produced. The greatest difficulty wall be in 
choosing the best. If the French growers would only 
extirpate from their seed-beds every plant that did 
not produce flowers of perfect distinction and sym- 
metry, our perplexity would be greatly diminished ; 
but instead of retaining only such, they introduce to 
our notice some distinguished title with a rose not 
worth a name. The group is also being demolished, 
and ranking under ^^ Hybride de Bengale^ Hijhride de 
JS^oisette^ Hyhride d'^Ih de Bourbon^^'' departing from 
the foundation of all these, which is Rosa Indicct^ or 
the Chinese Rose. To give a full description of the 
sorts ranking in the above characters would occupy 
more of these pages than is allotted for this group, 
and we will content ourselves wdth naming the best, 
t-? Fleurs Blanches, Blanchefleur, or White Climbing 
Globe Unique, pure white, as its name indicates, is a 
very free grower, flowers perfectly double and abun- 
dant. Beauty Bouquet, very similar to the former, 
but not of such rapid growth j the flower is also purer 
and more compact. Becquet is a fine variety, with 
bright rosy-purple flowers, perfectly double and cup 
formed. Belle Barabere is one of the most magnifi- 



64 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

cent roses for a pillar, making long flexible shoots, 
very luxuriant rich green foliage ; the flowers are very 
large, finely formed, of a violet shaded crimson, and 
fragrant. Belle Theresa produces its rich dark crim- 
son shaded flowers in clusters finely scented. Bon 
Ginneure, very bright red, edged with violet, perfectly 
imbricated, an early and profuse bloomer, beautiful. 
Belle Marie, superb, large bright pink, very double, 
cupped, and sweet scented. Brennus, or St. Brennns, 
is superb j the flowers are extra large, of a glowing 
red, perfectly double ; it makes line shoots, and is an 
excellent pillar plant; it is the celebrated Queen Vic- 
toria Rose of Charleston, S. C. Blairii is very large 
with a rose-coloured edge; the petals are very stiff 
and bold; the buds and flowers are both magniflcent; 
it is an English rose, and said to be a seedling from 
the common Tea Rose. Catcl is curiously shaded with 
red, crimson, and purple; it is perfectly double, of 
dwarf habit, and makes a beautiful bush. Celicel is 
a rosy blush, a very abundant bloomer; the flowers 
are large and in clusters ; it seeds freely ; and promises 
to be one of the best for hybridizing with other sorts. 
Chatelaine and Lanzezure appear to be one; shaded 
lilac, crimson, purple, and often very bright red, 
varying very much according to soil and situation; 
the flowers are very double, large, and cupped ; a 
strong grower, and makes a fine pillar rose, Qesonie 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 65 

is a large rosy pink, changing to blush, perfectly- 
double, and makes a splendid dwarf rose. Cerisette 
is a very pretty profuse flowering bright red, almost 
approaching a scarlet; flowers rather small, but very 
double and profuse. Coupe d^Hebe, "Hebe's Cup," 
is a delicate pink, when fully expanded, of perfect 
form, large, a fine grower and profuse bloomer, with 
large glossy green foliage, and makes a fine pillar 
plant. Coup cV Amour is very pretty and very perfect, 
a bright rose colour, and a dwarf grower. Due de 
Cases is a large rosy lilac changing to purple, very 
double, of a strong habit. D^Andigne, whether on 
its own roots or grafted, is a very distinct and curiously 
marked variety; the colours are a violet shaded purple, 
approaching the blue more than any other rose I have 
seen; the flowers are of the most perfect form, and 
very double ; it forms a handsome plant, either as a 
dwarf or standard. Delice de Flandres is a large 
delicate pink, very distinct, and perfectly double, of 
strong habit, and very fragrant. Egtrie is a brilliant 
cherry red, perfectly double, of rather slender growth 
and very distinct. Emmeline is of a delicate flesh 
colour fading to lilac, and quite double. Ftilgens, or 
Malto?i, of the French, is a very bright red, or car- 
mine, almost approaching scarlet; flow^ers quite dou- 
ble, and cupped; the shoots must not be pruned very 
close, for in that case it will not show a bloom, 
6* 



66 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

Fabvier, or CoL Fabvier, is a splendid pink changing 
to red ; flowers imbricated, large, and very double ; 
the plant forms a splendid pillar, and is one of the 
strongest growing hybrids. Fleurette is a pretty pale 
coloured rose, very perfect, but perhaps too small for 
the general taste of growers. GenH Lamarque, or 
Lamarque of Luxembourg^ is a bronzed mottled crim- 
son of curious shades, a large flower, always very dis- 
tinct, perfectly double, and a strong grower. George 
tha Fourth^ or Rivers' George the Fourth^ is an old but 
"splendid variety, of the richest crimson colour, always 
perfect, and fully double, of cupped form, a free 
grower in rich soils, and makes a splendid pillar rose. 
Mr. Rivers, of England, a celebrated rose grower, 
raised this variety from seed, thirty years ago; accord- 
ing to his own history of the plant, it came up in a 
bed of seedlings, unexpected, and without any act on 
his part to produce it. This shows that superior 
varieties may be grown from seeds saved indiscrimi- 
nately from choice sorts, without the aid of hybrid- 
izing, which I will prove still more clearly. How- 
ever, through the manual hybridizing process great 
improvements have been, and are constantly being 
made. Georgia is an old distinct variety, being a 
bright rose, with white edge, large and fine, but rather 
tender for a northern latitude. Grilloiiy^ is a large 
and superb rose, of a slaty colour and strong growth. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 67 

Hclvetius^ is of a rosy-violet colour, very large, and 
double to the centre. La Mayade is a perfectly 
formed rose, of a delicate rose colour, and a fine 
bloomer. Ulngtnue is a shaded dark crimson, very 
double, cupped, fragrant, and is a free grower. La 
Toiirtelle^ Parni^ or the Dove Rose, is of a dark 
lilac colour, perfect cupped form, a large and early 
flower, grows freely, and makes a fine pillar plant; 
we have some of such fifteen feet high. Louis Phil- 
ippe is a splendid large rose, of a dark rose colour, 
perfect form, blooms in great profusion, and appears 
to be well adapted for trellis work, or high columns, 
and has the fragrance of the Damask Rose. Lady 
Stuart is a delicate pink, of perfect globular form, 
very double, and apparently a free grower. Lord 
J\yson is of a distinct dark brown velvety colour, 
very double and perfectly formed. Madame Plantier, 
very pure white, perfectly double, in profuse clusters, 
an early bloomer and very desirable. Pallagi, MaU 
ton, or JVe Plus Ultra, is a bright rosy purple, and a 
rapid grower. Petit Pierre is a large mottled pur- 
plish crimson, perfect in form, a splendid grower, and 
in spite of the diminutive attached to its name, it 
produces large flowers. Princess produces its flowers 
in large clusters; they are a rich pink edged with 
blush; it is a good grower, but will not suit pillars. 
Prolifere is very appropriately named, being very 



68 EOSES THAT BLOOM IN JTJNE. 

prolific, indeed, one sheet of flowers, of a dark rose 
colour changing to violet, finely and perfectly formed, 
and very fragrant. Stadtholder, or Stahtholder^ Sine?i' 
sis, of some, is a beautiful clear pink, very perfect in 
its form, and is, perhaps, more of a Hybrid Provi?is 
than Chinese 5 it makes a beautiful standard or dwarf. 
Sandeur Panache^ or King of Hybrids, is unique in 
this class, having all its flowers beautifully and dis' 
tinctly spotted and striped ; they are perfectly double, 
and finely cupped j the plant makes a good pillar, but 
must not have its shoots cut short, or it will not pro- 
duce a flower 5 tie the strong ones the full length, and 
cut out the weak or old wood. Sextes Popinas, bright 
red, very compact, changing to pink ; a late bloomer. 
Sophie d^Houdetot, delicate rose, very perfectly formed, 
blooming in profuse clusters, fragrant. Tuscany, or 
Tuscany JS^oisette, although the latter name would 
lead us to believe it a Noisette Rose, it is purely 
a hybrid, blooming only once, producing its rich dark 
crimson flowers in large clusters. Triomphe d"* Angers is 
a very large and perfectly double shaded purple crim- 
son, an excellent grower and great bloomer. Vandael 
is a rosy purple changing to violet-crimson, having all 
these shades in the same flower, which is large, per- 
fect, fragrant, and a free grower. Velours, or Violet 
Episcopal, is of a velvety crimson colour fading to 
purple, is perfectly formed, a free bloomer, fragrant. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 69 

and makes a splendid pillar rose. Victor Hugo is a 
picture when in bloom, of a cherry red changing to a 
rosy violet-colour, handsomely imbricated, fragrant 
and profuse, a strong grower, with rich green foliage. 
Violet de Belgique is one of those very distinct bluish 
violet-coloured flowers, that is indispensable in any 
collection, perfect in its form and profuse of bloom. 
It will grow to -any height, and in one season will 
make shoots twelve feet long. Watts'^ Celestial is of 
a delicate rose colour, the petals all curving inwards, 
forming a regularly cupped floAver; it is an old variety 
that has flourished under several names, viz: — Waits'^ 
Climbing China^ Flora Perfecta^ Rachel^ and I believe 
some others. Wellington is also an old variety, but 
retains, its fine globular character to the very last; its 
rich crimson colour and dwarf habit make it very 
desirable. 

The above have been selected from the many now 
cultivated, and we venture again to repeat that there 
is no plant to excel them for ornamenting lawns, 
grass plats, fences, arbours, outbuildings, or any other 
situation. Their diversity of form, habit, and colour, 
may be exhibited in many ways. Variegated pillars 
or columns may be formed by planting a pink, a red, 
and a crimson together, or a white and red; the com- 
binations can be formed to meet the views of any 
taste. When a strong growth is required, the soil 



70 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

should be dug out two feet deep, and two to three 
feet in diameter for each plant, and the space filled 
up with very rich earth composed of loam, decayed 
manure, and sand in nearly equal proportions ; finish 
with the new soil six or eio-ht inches above ground to 
allow for settling. For a variegated pillar choos-e 
plants of the same growth, and plant them in a rec- 
tangular form, allowing the pole dt pillar to occupy 
the centre. The first season after planting they should 
be watered twice a week in dry w^eather; if watering 
cannot be attended to, cover the soil with three or four 
inches of manure. For pillars or trellising, plants on 
their own roots are the best. The pruning of these 
requires to be performed in a very different manner 
from that usual for the generality of roses. Those 
plants that make very long shoots should have only 
about a foot or two of the tops cut off, the wood of 
three or four years old thinned out, and the short 
shoots or twigs cut in to wathin two eyes of the pre- 
ceding year's growth. They require to be tied to a 
strong post; if permanency is the object, use red cedar 
or locust for the purpose; in the country, where wood 
is plenty, any sapling can be taken; if three or six 
inches of the branches are left on it, the effect will be 
improved. Although rich soil is stongly recommended 
for these roses, they will nevertheless do on any soil. 
I have seen them in the very poorest earth make fine 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 71 

bushes, when they can be pruned as common garden 
roses, only the luxuriant beauty of the foliage and 
the 'large size of the flowers will be lost. It must be 
admitted that plants, trees, and shrubs, grown and pro- 
tected by nature, are in their greatest beauty, and 
bring forth their flowers, fruits, and seeds to perfec- 
tion ; yet while this is conceded, we say that those 
plants brought up and nurtured by art, under every 
exciting cause, to produce the greatest amount of 
wood, foliage, flowers, and fruits, also require skilful 
assistance in depriving them of their superabundance 
to keep them within bounds, and lead them to the 
space they are intended to occupy. The period best 
adapted for pruning is subject to various opinions ; 
but extensive practice and sound judgment give the 
preference to the months of November and December, 
Pruning in the spring should be avoided, as the sap 
is then drawn towards the extremities of the shoots, 
and when these are shortened the lower buds will be 
found more dormant, and will require some time to 
move, whereas by fall pruning, the sap in the spring 
flows instantly to the buds that are left on the plant, 
which are at once strengthened, and prepared to push 
out as early as the season will permit. The first season 
after roses are transplanted they should be watered 
once or twice a week in dry weather, or should have 
placed all round the plant, moss or manure, to prevent 



72 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

evaporation, or the sun from parching the earth and 
drying the young rootlets. It is lamentable to see 
the destruction of plants the first season, from mere 
carelessness and want of attention ; whereas a few 
judicious waterings would have prevented the loss. 



PLANTING. 

We have advocated November and December as 
the best period for pruning; these are also the best 
months for planting all kinds of roses of the hardy 
sorts that bloom once a year, or what are termed 
^' Hardy Garden Roses," unless the soil be of a wet 
and retentive nature; in such case the planting should 
be deferred till spring. The ground must be well 
prepared by deep digging, and well incorporated with 
old rotten manure, decayed leaves, or soil brought 
from the woods. I am aware that some of my southern 
and western friends wil^smile at this recommendation ; 
for their soils are from three to twelve feet deep, and 
will grow roses, without any artificial means, for the 
next century ; but these suggestions are only offered 
to those who need them. Before the operation is 
begun the mind should be made up on the proper 
disposition of the plants ; avoid crowding, avoid for- 
mality, avoid hurry. Crowding plants together is 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 73 

injurious in every respect. If space is liniited, 
choose the fewer sorts, or distribute the inferior sorts 
to hedge rows or fences, and put only the best that 
can be had, where they are to form a permanent 
attraction. Formality of design attracts attention for 
a time, but the eye soon wearies of it. The most 
interesting disposition, and one that will offer the 
greatest variety, is to plant the whites, blushes, pinks, 
roses, reds, crimsons, and purples, each into separate 
clumps, figures, or patches ,• and to carry out a grand 
arrangement, let each division of the rose have its 
appropriate locality. It is ten years since we first 
called attention to this system of rose growing ; it 
is now being generally adopted in England. This 
JRosARY can be formed on any piece of ground, from 
a quarter of an acre to any required extent, either on 
the lawn or any other spot for the purpose. Let the 
ground be laid down in grass, or if it is there already 
so much the better ,• then cut out on the grass various 
figures that may be required, giving every plant from 
two to four feet of room. With these few hints the 
reader will see that such an arrangement will form a 
scene of enchantment that language cannot portray. 
It is not necessary to remove the old soil,- very decayed 
manure (with an addition of road or river sand to 
heavy soils) well incorporated with it, twelve to 
eighteen inches deep, is all that is required. 
7 



74- KOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE, 



GROWING ROSES FROM SEED, 

To the amateur this opens a field of very interest- 
ing amusement. It is an object which may profitably 
occupy every leisure moment. The time spent upon 
impregnating, saving the seed, sowing, and w^atching 
every movement of the plant, till it develops its beau- 
ties of inflorescence, will be amply compensated should 
the rose prove of new character. If not worthy, it is 
at least a good stock to be used in budding or grafting 
upon, and even then causes no loss. In the centre of 
many roses there are a number of thready filaments 
surmounted by what botanists term anthers; these are 
small oval forms which, when ripe, contain a quantity 
of pollen or yellow dust, which can easily be perceived 
between the finger and the thumb after giA^ng them a 
gentle pressure. This pollen, though to the naked 
eye a fine po^vder, and light enough to be wafted 
along by the air, is very curiously formed, and varies 
exceedingly in different plants. Under the micro- 
scope each grain of it in the rose is a membranous 
round bag, which remains entire, and can be kept dry 
and perfect for days and weeks. On its application 
to the moist tip of the pistil (which in the rose is a 
stiff protuberance in the very centre of the flower), 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 75 



it bursts with great force. When flowers are designed 
to be operated upon, the one intended to produce the 
seed should be deprived of its anthers earljT in the 
morning, which can readily be done with a pair of 
fine scissors J then during the day, or within two days, 
take a fine camel hair pencil, and obtain, about noon, 
the pollen or dust from the plant or plants with which 
you intend to make the cross, and apply this dust to 
the pistil of the roses from which you have previously 
extracted the anthers. It will require some practice 
before proficiency can be attained in the operation, 
but a little attention will insure some success. The 
organs are fit for the operation when the pistil has a 
glutinous appearance on its summit, and the pollen is 
dry and powdery. The flowers may be one or two 
days old j rain is fatal to the operation — dry weather, 
therefore, must be chosen. Patience and assiduity 
can accomplish wonders in this department of rose 
culture ; the persevering efforts of the French culti- 
vators have been so very successful within the last 
ten years, that we do not at all despair of seeing a 
yellow Moss, a yellow Provins Kose, or even striped 
roses, combining every shade from white to black, 
and there is no reason why there should not be pro- 
duced a perpetual blooming climbing Moss Rose of 
any colour at present known in the family of the rose. 
A few years ago we did not anticipate such a rose as 



76 HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

the yellow Persian, and we have no doubt of there yet 
being Perpetual blooming Yellow Roses of as bright 
a colour. 

The seeds will be ripe about the first of November, 
and can be retained in the capsule or fruit till the 
time of sowing, taking the precaution to bury them in 
sand, where they will be safe from the depredations 
of mice, who are very fond of them. Early in the 
spring, choose a sheltered spot in the garden, free 
from the shade or drip of trees ; enrich and break up 
the soil very fine, make the surface quite smooth, take 
the hips from their winter quarters, break up the fruit, 
and sow the seeds thinly and evenly on the soilj take 
the back of the spade, or a board, and press the seed 
level with the ground, then cover them with about 
one-fourth to one-half of an inch with sand ; if sand 
cannot be obtained take the leaf mould, or soil from 
the woods, finely sifted, for the purpose; in dry 
weather give occasional waterings. Many of the 
seeds will come up the first year, and the balance 
will make their appearance in the second; the third 
year they can be transplanted to beds or rows to 
remain till they bloom, which will generally be the 
fourth or fifth year. It is truly astonishing to see the 
variety produced. Red and white, rose and pink may 
all be seen springing from seeds of the same plant, 
and from single to the most double. None but such 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 77 



as are of the finest "form, very prolific, and possessing 
a o-ood habit, should be reserved for culture. Our 
climate is so favourable to the maturing of seed that 
there is no reason why we should not only equal, but 
surpass, any European country in the cultivation of 
this "Queen of Flowers." 

The blooming of seedlings can be readily hastened 
where time and convenience will admit. As soon as 
the young plants have made three or four leaves, lift 
them very carefully from the seed-bed with a trans- 
planting trowel, and put them in pots of rich light 
earth j then place them in the shade and give a gentle 
watering and sprinkling over the leaves for a few 
weeks, when they may be planted into the ground to 
remain. 1 have in this way grown plants eighteen 
inches high the first season. They will, by this 
method, generally bloom the third year. The seeds 
are covered with a thick tough shell, which, if allowed 
to get perfectly dry, and kept in that state for a con- 
siderable period, will take two years to germinate, and 
perhaps not grow at all. Kegular moisture appears to 
be indispensable for keeping the shell soft and exciting 
the embryo plant into growth. The seeds are on this 
account providentially furnished with a fleshy pericarp 
(hip) to prevent their becoming too dry for germina- 
tion, while nearly all other seeds do not germinate 
well unless dried before sowing. 



78 EOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



PROPAGATION OF GARDEN OR JUNE ROSES, 

There are three modes, within the reach of all, for 
the propagation of these roses, namely, by layering, 
budding, and grafting. Layering, wherever it can 
be accomplished, is preferable, and will produce the 
most permanent plants. There are two methods of 
performing the operation j the one we prefer is as 
follows : — in the month of July, or two first weeks 
of August, look over the plants required to be propa- 
gated, and take any of the young shoots fhat have 
m.ade eighteen inches or two feet in length, bend 
them gently to the ground, and make fast by a peg, 
stone, or block ; they will in a few days take a set in 
this form ; then under the part that has come in con- 
tact with the soil make a hole four mches deep, and 
about the same width ; have a portion of prepared 
sandy rich loam (if your soil is not naturally such) 
at hand ; bend the shoot in the hole, and look for a 
bud so situated as to come about three inches under 
the surface ; then take a very sharp knife and com- 
mence by cutting off all the leaves that will be under 
ground ; introduce the blade just below the bud and 
cut upwards so as to cut about half-way through, and 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 79 

make a slit about two inches long, thereby forming 
what gardeners call a " tongue j" this should be done 
at the side or back part of the shoot, and to prevent 
the tongue from closing, introduce a portion of the 
soil, or a chip of any hard substance, which will 
keep it open, then lay it carefully in the space pre- 
pared, and fill . p with the fresh compost, leaving the 
top of the shoot in as upright a position as possible ; 
to finish, make it fast to a small rod to prevent the 
wind from blowing it about. The tongue should not 
be in the very spot that forms the bow, as thereby the 
branch would be too much weakened ; the lower eye 
of the upright portion of the shoot is the most success- 
ful spot. When the whole is done, place the stone 
or block on the surface, over the layer, which will 
prevent the sun from drying the earth, and greatly 
facilitate the growth of the roots. In the month of 
November the layers that are rooted may be taken off, 
and either potted as required, or planted out where 
they are to remain, heading down the shoot to within 
three or four eyes of the surface. Those that are 
not rooted will have to remain another yearj prune 
them the same as directed for the parent plant. If 
the operation by layering is not performed in the 
summer it can be done in February, March, or April, 
before the plant has begun to grow, observing the 
same direction as given above. About Philadelphia 



80 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

we have pots made about four inches wide and deep, 
with a cut in the side wherein we place the layer, 
and either plunge the pot entirely under ground, set 
it on the surface, or elevate it as required j if in the 
two latter positions, we water it freely every evening 
and cover it with moss or some other litter, to pre- 
vent, as much as possible, the sun from affecting it. 
We also make boxes for the same purpose, wherein 
to lay shoots from the Standard or Tree Koses. 



PROPAGATION BY BUDDING. 

Budding, within these few years past, has greatly 
increased in nursery practice, and multiplied the 
plants to a wonderful extent ; it is the favourite mode 
with the French growers, and on the stock which 
they use, plants will grow for half a century. I have 
seen them in the neighborhood of Paris, like large 
trees, with stems six inches in diameter, and heads 
thirty feet in circumference. To cultivate them in 
such perfection they use every kind of enriching 
matter, which they freely apply every year. Almost 
every rose can be propagated by budding ; indeed, I 
may say, that every variety can be multiplied in that 
way, and form handsome plants, when on strong 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 81 

stocks, in one year. For some of the kinds it is the 
only resort, as they are difficult to manage by either 
layering or grafting. Some of the Perpetual Ho- 
ses rarely form roots when laid, but bud freely. 
Budding may be easily described so as to be under- 
stood by the initiated, but as it is to the unpractised 
hand that we pretend to give our feeble instructions, 
we will endeavour to omit no detail, even at the risk 
of being too minute. The operation may be per- 
formed with any sharp thin-bladed knife, though one 
called a "budding-knife," with a thin ivory handle, 
is best for the purpose. It should be inserted about 
half an inch above the bud, and passing about one- 
third of the way through the wood of the shoot, come 
out again about the same distance below it, the cut 
being as clean as possible. The portion of the bark 
in the centre of which the bud is situated, is called 
the shield, and when removed it contains a portion of 
the wood, whiv;h is to be carefully removed with the 
point of the knife, as shown in figure 1 -* if the wood 
is dry, and does not separate" readily, it is a sign the 
bud is too old, and it should be rejected. When the 



* The Bengal, Tea, Bourbon, and some other free growing 
kinds, may be successfully budded without removing the wood ; 
in such cases it is better to cut the bud a little thinner, and 
not so long ; in this way they have been known to make a 
growth and flower within six weeks after the operation. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



wood is too old or too young, the shield may be 
taken off only about one- quarter of the way through 
the shoot, and inserted into the stock without remov- 
ing the portion of the wood it contains j this method, 
particularly with very young shoots, is very success- 
ful. If it is necessary to transport the buds some 
distance, this may be safely done by cutting a portion 
of the shoot, and after stripping off the foliage, wrap 
it up in damp moss, a few large leaves, or wet paper, 
and it may then be kept for three or four days. In 
applying the bud to the stock an incision is to be 
made lengthways through the bark (but not so as to 
injure the wood), about an mch in length, and this is 
to be diagonally crossed at the top by another inci- 
sion, as shown in fig. 2. The thin ivory handle, or 
back of the knife, should then be used to raise the 
bark, as shown in fig. 3, and the shield inserted with- 
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. 




ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



S3 



in, gently pressing it to the bottom of the perpendi- 
cular incision ; when it is properly placed, the portion 
of it above the diagonal cross should be cut off as in 
fig. 4, and great care should be taken that it is in 
close contract with the wood of the stock. When 
this is done bind up with damp matting, or cotton 
twist, all except the bud, (see fig. 5,) which must be 
Fis. 4. Fig. 5. 




left free to the air, but protected from the powerful 
action of the sun or wet, either of which would 
defeat the whole operation. In eight or ten days 
the success of the operation will be known, and in 
two or three .weeks the bandages must be loosened, 
though not entirely taken way. From June to the 
middle of September budding may be done, choosing 
always cloudy weather; or a few days after a heavy 
rain ; but for limited operations any evening may be 



84 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 

chosen, always following the indication of the free 
parting of the wood from the bark, for if the bark 
does not rise with facility the buds are liable to 
perish for want of a due supply of nourishment. The 
buds should always be selected from vigorous young 
wood that has never flowered. About the end of 
October the plant should be cut down to within a foot 
of where the operation has been performed, w^hich 
will greatly tend to strengthen both the tree and buds 
that have taken. In the following spring all the 
stocks should be deprived of their superfluous wood; 
observe, however, to leave one bud or eye above the 
inserted bud, which will greatly assist its growth till 
it has made a few leaves, and is fit to perform the 
functions of vegetable life, when the natural shoot 
must be cut off. As the new plant grows have it 
carefully supported, for one gust of wind in a moment 
of time, will decapitate the most cherished object. 



PROPAGATING BY GRAFTING. 

This method of propagation with the rose is of 
recent introduction, but is now practised to a great 
extent by the nurseryman, in the forcing house in 
January and February, and in the open air in 
March and April j but in the southern states the 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. R5 

out-door work will require to be done in February. 
The mode now considered as the most eligible is 
what is termed "whip grafting," without the slit 
or tongue, generally practised, which weakens the 
scion of the rose. The stock which is to be used 
may be of any thickness under one inch, but the 
nearer it approaches the size of the shoot that is to 
be used, the better, as it will increase the chance of 
success. Cut off the head of the stock at the de- 
sired height, enter the knife at a smooth part about 
three inches from the top, and cut upwards at an 
acute angle. Having the scion prepared in lengths 
of about four inches, take one and slope the bottom 
of it so as to fit the stock, that the inner rinds of 
both may exactly correspond, especially on the outer 
side and bottom ; the union is formed first by the 
rind, or sap, which is directly between the bark and 
wood, and if they are not placed in contact, failure 
is certain. Let the graft be carefully held in its due 
position, and secure it with cotton twist, Russia mat- 
ting, or threads of worsted, whichever is most conve- 
r.ient; then cover the bandage with well wrought 
clay, or grafting wax, which is made as follows : — 
Two ounces beeswax, one ounce tallow, four ounces 
common pitch, twelve ounces Burgundy pitch, all 
melted together, and used when warm, with a brush. 
When the operation is performed close to the ground, 



86 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 



or even under the surface, draw up earth all round, 
after the graft is properly tied, leaving one or two 
buds above. This method is not only convenient, 
and in many instances preferable, but more to be 
depended upon. There are also two other methods 
of grafting frequently practised, called cleft-grafting, 
and rind-grafting, (the former once in high repute,) 
but the high winds are very liable to break them off, 
and they do not make such a fine finish as the method 




A Standard Rose trained umbrella form. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 87 

above described. The grafts will have taken when 
they begin to grow freely; the bandages may then be 
unloosed and tied over again, to allow for the swelling 
of the wood. Give them a stake for support, tying 
them to it to prevent accidents from the wind. Do 
not allow any shoots to come up from the stock. The 
best stock to work upon is the Manetti\ and we use 
no other; it has a thick bark, stands the sun Vv^ell, and 
grows freely. They can be purchased in the Nurseries 
at a few cents per dozen. The Boursault Roses are 
found to be short-lived and thin barked. A rose that 
has a strong bark is preferable. 



KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE 
SEASON. 



NOISETTE ROSES. 

If in Pliny's time the beauty of the rose was con- 
ceded by all, and its praises sung in undying strains 
by Roman poets, how can we of the nineteenth cen- 
tury, who have seen this gem of nature brought to 
such perfection, and blooming in endless variety from 
the dawn of spring to the frosts of winter, sufficiently 
admire itl how can we adequately celebrate its 
merits'? The roses of June, though surprisingly splen- 
did, are past and gone within the space of a month, 
and even during some of our warmest weather, a 
plant will not be in perfection over one week, unless 
by extra care and protection. But through the ever 
fruitful and wonderfully supplying sources of nature, 
aided by art, we have "roses of all hue," from June to 
January, equally as rich in colour, and of as pleasing 
a fragrance as any of those of ancient times. This 
country has contributed her quota to the grand Floral 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 89 



Temple, in raising the first plant known under the 
name which heads this article. The original rose 
was grown in Charleston, South Carolina, by Mr. 
Noisette, about the 3^ear 1815, and sent by him to his 
brother, then a nurseryman in Paris. It created a 
great excitement among the Parisian rose fanciers, 
and is supposed to have been a production of the 
common China Rose and White Musk cluster. Since 
its introduction thousands have been raised and hy- 
bridized from it, till the progeny has become so much 
amalgamated with the Tea, Bengal, and Bourbon 
Roses, that the division, I may say, is not to be recog- 
nized. We often see a new sort named Tea, which, 
after being fully tested, proves to have the habit of a 
Noisette, of which the leading feature is the cluster- 
ing of its buds and flowers ; it is also either always of 
a dwarf or a rampant habit. They are generally in 
this latitude perfectly hardy ; all are so in the south, 
and few or none hardy enough to bear the rigour ol 
our Eastern or Northern States. The profusion and 
perpetual succession of their flowers produced in im- 
mense clusters, frequently from fifty to one hundred 
in each, make them superbly ornamental objects, 
calculated for columns, pillars, fences, or trellis work. 
Although hardy here, they still are benefitted by a 
light protection of straw, mats, litter, or branches, 
which should be gradually removed in the spring 



90 KOSES THAT BLOOM TPIE WHOLE SEASON. 

after the frost is entirely out of the ground. In the 
"south they require nothing but pruning to keep them 
within bounds, and if the ground is sandy or poor 
they must have a regular annual dressing about their 
roots with very old manure, or some enriching matter. 
Among the many the following will embrace the best 
and most distinct. The flowers vary much in size, 
from one to four inches ; I will consider that two 
inches is the medium size. Abbe Meillon, very per- 
fect rosy red, of dwarf growth, and profuse bloomer. 
Alba is a pure white, of small size, but blooms most 
profusely: it never exceeds three feet in height, and 
makes a beautiful dwarf bush, requiring very little 
support. Alzand, pale pink, very double, with fine 
large petals, fragrant, and of medium growth, jiimte 
Vibert, or JVevia, is a beautiful pure white, perfect in 
form, a profuse bloomer, but though quite hardy, does 
not grow freely with us ; however, when budded on 
a strong stock it makes a magnificent standard, and 
blooms with a profusion not surpassed by any; this 
very exquisite variety was grown from seed of a rose 
that blooms only once in the season (Sempervirens 
Pleno) by J. P. Vibert, of Lonjeameaux, near Paris, 
who has grown many very superb roses from seed. 
When I visited him, in 1839, whilst discoursing upon 
roses, he directed my attention with great enthusiasm 
to this plant, and said, "Celle-ci est si belle, que je 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 91 

lui ai donne le nom de ma fille cherie — Aimev? 
V'ibert." This enthusiasm can be easily understood 
by those who, like myself, have been so fortunate as 
to see the two "Aimea Viberts" — the rose and the 
young girl, both in their full bloom, and both as 
lovely as their sweet name. In the southern states it 
grows freely, and is a profuse bloomer during the fall 
months. Belle Marseillaise is a very dark variety, 
approaching crimson, perfectly double and distinct. 
Boulogne is one of the darkest of the family, ap- 
proaching a violet colour; though a small flower, it is 
very perfect and a profuse bloomer. Belle D^ Esquermes 
and Camellia Rouge are the same, and an excellent 
pillar rose, of a very distinct bright red fading to a 
rosy-purple colour; flower above medium size, and 
though not perfectly double, yet a fine bloomer. 

Charles the Tenth is an old variety, but keeps its 
distinctive character of colour and fragrance, and is 
in great demand by the southern rose-growers. It does 
not generally open well with us, but in a warm dry 
atmosphere, and during our summer months, it shows 
its large double rosy-purple flowers in g eat perfec- 
tion. Chamjmeyana^ or Champney''s Pink Cluster, 
light pink, a rampant grower, profuse bloomer, quite 
hardy, even in cold latitudes; it is universally culti- 
vated, and is well adapted either for pillars or ar- 
bours. Chromatelk, or Cloth of Gold, is a seedling 



92 ROSES THAT BLOO.^I THE V^^HOLE SEASON. 

from Noisette Lamarque, and very much of the habit 
of its parent, with leaves more round, and growth 
more robust, flowers large, with fine bold round pe- 
tals, of a pale yellow colour, quite fragrant, requires 
to be strong before it blooms freely ; the best yellow 
ever-blooming rose. Clara Wendel is another rose 
having a yellow shade to its flowers changing to 
white ; it is of a dwarf habit, though the flowers are 
of the largest size, and perfectly double. It first ap- 
peared under the name of " The Clara Wendel." 
Chloris has flowers of the medium size, double, of a 
distinct rosy lilac colour, and is a very fine dwarf 
variety. Comtesse de Grillon^ x^vy double, pale pink, 
in large clusters, strong growth and fragrant. Com- 
tesse Orlojf is a bright rosy pink, and makes a good 
plant for covering fences, pillars, &.C., being a rapid 
grower and free bloomer ; the flowers are rather small 
in proportion to the growth of the plant. CoJique de 
Venous is now an old variety; but not often excelled 
in fragrance and profusion; the flowers are perfectly 
double, creamy while, and with a bright pink centre ; 
they are produced in large clusters and in great pro- 
fusion. Cora L. Barton is a seedling from Lamar- 
que, grown by me a few years ago ; the flowers are 
of a clear rosy pink, very large, fragrant, double 
and cup shaped; a profuse bloomer, of strong 
habit, and makes a splendid pillar. Du Luxemlourg 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 93 

is not hardy enough for this latitude, but bears 
full exposure in the south, where it shows its 
beautiful rosy purple flowers in great splendor ; it Is 
very sweet scented, of good growth, a free bloomer, 
perfectly double, and very distinct. Euphrosine ^ 
this ver}^ sweet scented rose was first introduced as a 
"Tea," but after trial proves to be a Noisette of 
great excellence, both in its peculiar rosy buff colour- 
ed flowers, which it produces in extravagant profu- 
sion, and in its peculiar grateful fragrance ; the flow- 
ers are quite double, above medium size, and the 
plant grows freely. Eugene Pirolle, or Admiral de 
Rigny, is a Noisette, of very perfect form ; its bright 
rose coloured flowers are produced in large clusters ; 
it is of a dwarf habit, and makes a fine border varie- 
ty. Fellenberg^ as a Noisette, Mks no equal for brilli- 
ancy of colour, during the autumnal months ; in the 
early part of the season it is of a pale red, but in the 
fall its colour approaches a scarlet, with large floweis 
produced in clusters of thirty to fifty. It is per- 
fectly hardy, a great acquisition to this family, and 
should be in every garden or rosary that has any pre- 
tensions to variety ; the foliage, when young, has a 
peculiar red colour. Fleur de Jeune Age^ or Lamar- 
que a cceur rose, is quite a new variety, and has the 
growth and habit of Jaune Desprez, and no doubt is 
a seedling from that rose ; it is of a yellowish-white, 



94 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



with a delicate pink centre, quite fragrant, and has 
been classed among the "TLe^" The Noisette Roses 
have become so much impregnated with the varie- 
ties of Rosa Odorata, that many of the sort, when 
they bloom for the first time, are denominated '^ TI.e ' 
roses, but their farther gro\\4h and subsequent bloom 
bring (hem under the head of Noisettes, from their ten- 
dency to produce their flowers in large clusters. 
Jau7ie Desprez^ Desprez D^drcoh^ and French Yelloiv 
.N'oisette^ are the same. It enjoys a celebrity which 
few of it& tribe have attained for hardiness, rapidity 
of gi'owth, fragrance, and, when well established, for 
profusion of flowers, which it produces in large clus- 
ters. The colour is a rosy-buff inclining to orange, 
and perfectly double. It should always be planted 
where it will be under the eye, as its colour does not 
make it a remarkable object from a distance, a quali- 
fication which Fellenberg possesses in the most emi- 
nent degree. Jeanne d' Jirc^ a strong grower, of a 
pure white colour, very fragrant, flowers rather small 
for the habit of the plant. Julia or Julia Dante^ is 
a pretty, pale, sv/eet scented variety, though very like 
Conque de Venus ; it is yet quite distinct in habit, 
and the flowers have a little more of the blush in 
them. Julia de Loynes has been, and is still consid- 
ered by some, as^ a Bourbon rose ; its foliage does in- 
cline a little to that family, but the flowers have all 



KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASONS'. 95 

the character and habit of Noisette, to which I consi- 
der it to belong; its colour is of a delicate blush 
white ', flowers above medium size, double and finely 
scented ; the habit is very strong, (though not of rapid 
growth,) giving a profusion of bloom the wl: ^le sea- 
son. La Biche is still a good rose when first open, of 
a pale blush colour, though almost instantly changing 
to pure white; rather large and double; it is an ex- 
cellent pillar rose, of free growth, and is frequently 
sold for Lamarque. Lactans^ as its name implies, is 
a milky white, so pure that I do not remember having 
seen any rose of so delicate a white. I received it a 
few years ago as a Tea, but it now ranks among the 
Noisette, and with the dwarf varieties. Its flowers, 
which it produces very freely, are veiy large and ex- 
tremely double. La jXymp/ie^ a beautiful blush pink, 
•quite double, a profuse bloomer, of medium g^rowth. 
Lamarque ; this is a celebrated variety, now known 
over the whole country for its magnificent, large, per- 
fectly double, yellowish-white, pendulous flowers, 
which it produces in clusters of three to ten in each. 
In good dry rich soils it will grow twenty feet in a 
season, and one of my correspondents in South Caro- 
lina informs me, that their plant, now eight years 
oH, covers a veranda fifty feet long and twenty i^'^ii 
high, and is one mass of flowers from May to Decem. 
ber. There is also a plant in this city, that occupies 



96 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



twenty feet by eight of a fence tliat faces north, 
where it is influenced by the morning and evening 
sun j but the sun from November to March, never 
touches the plant, confirming the opinion that in 
winter the sun does more injury to delicate roses than 
the cold. This plant does much better on its own 
roots than when budded or grafted. LandretK's Car- 
mine or Carmine Cluster^ is of a very distinct car- 
mine colour, quite double, flowering profusely from 
July to late in the season ; its first buds do not open 
well, but it is well adapted for a southern climate ; it 
was grown from seed by the Messrs. Landreth twenty 
years ago. Le Pactole, Tie Pactole^ The Chrysan- 
thimeflora^ and JVew Yellow Tea ; this distinct variety 
is distinguished by all these names ; the flowers are 
of pale sulphur yellow, changing to a yellowish- white, 
as soon as they are exposed to the full rays of the 
sun ; the plant is of a dwarf habit, and will make 
shoots two feet long, surmounted by twenty to forty 
flowers; it is no doubt a seedling between the Yellow 
Tea and Lamarque. Lee, Monstrosa,, Ccelestis, Gran- 
diflora, Triomphe des J\^oiseties, and Carassana , this 
plant is shamefull}'' circulated under all these names, 
and gives additional proof that names are more nu- 
merous than varieties ; it it a good old rose, of a blush 
colour, producing its flowers in large thin clusters, and 
opening very well in warm dry weather, but in moist 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 97 

seasons it does not expand freely, and may be called 
hard-headed J it is a strong grower, and is best appro- 
priated for a fence or arbour. Lzitea, or Smithii^ is a 
great favourite through the southern states, growing 
freel}-, and opening in great perfection, except in time 
of rain ; the colour is of a pale lemon-yellow before 
the sun destroys it, and is delightfully fragrant, though 
entirely too tender for the open air in Penns3'lvania ; 
it makes a splendid rose for forcing if kept in a high 
and rather dry atmosphere, but if syringed with water 
before the flowers are expanded, it glues the petals to- 
gether, and they perish before opening. When I first 
introduced this rose I could not supply all the demands 
for it the first year, at five dollars each plant. Ma- 
dam Byrne and Cora L. Barton were produced from 
the same hip of seed from Lamarque, and are roses 
• very distinct both in habit and colour. Madam 
Byrne is a yellowish-white, with a pink centre, large, 
and very double j the wood is very slender, but of 
free growth, and makes a beautiful pillar plant; from 
the same seed I obtained also a bright scarlet rose per- 
fectly single, which shows that almost every variety 
of colour may be produced from the same rose, at the 
same time, and without artificial impregnation, but by 
the assistance of art, both character and colour may 
be greatly improved. Madam Jovin^ delicate pink, 
small compact flower, very perfect ; plant of a low 

9 



98 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON, 

growth. Maria, rosy red, very pretty, perfect form, 
a constant bloomer, wood slender, though of rapid 
growth. Mrs. Siddons, pale yellow white, very dou- 
ble, of dwarf habit. Odoraia of the English is the 
same as Jeanne d^ Arc of the French. Ophirie ; 
this rose was sent to me seven years ago by my cor- 
respondent near Paris, without any pretensions of col- 
our or character. It proves to be one of the very 
best of the Noisettes; colour orange, yellow, tinged with 
red, medium size, very double, fragrant, a strong 
grower, blooming constantly, and will prove a beau- 
tiful evergreen rose in our southern states. Orloff is 
now an old rose, but for growing and producing a 
profusion of bright rose-coloured flowers, it has few 
equals. They are of rather loose form, but very 
showy at a distance ; admirable for covering out- 
buildings or distant fences. It will even stand the 
severity of the eastern states during winter. Very 
distinct from Comtesse Orloff, and more hardy. — - 
Petit Annie^ quite a pretty pink variety, with exquis- 
itely formed flowers; dwarf habit, blooming abun- 
dantly. PJialte, rosy buff', large; flowers of medium 
growth. Pompone is a strong growing sort with a 
dense foliage ; the flowers are rosy-pink, quite dou- 
ble, and delicately fragrant; it is very well adapted 
for covering arbours, or unsightly fences, being a very 
strong grower, and clothed with foliage from bottom to 



Roses that bloom the whole season. 99 

top. Pourpre de Tyre^ dark crimson, large, quite dou- 
ble, and a very splendid variety. It evidently ap- 
pears to be more of a Hybrid Bourbon than a Noi- 
sette, both in growth and in constancy of bloom. 
Prudence Roeser ; this rose appears to be a complete 
hybrid, and perhaps more properly belongs to the 
Bourbon family ; the flowers are finely cupped, per- 
fectly double, and of a fine rose colour -, it is of a stiff 
dwarf habit. Sir Walter Scott is very much like 
Orloff, with a few more shades of purple in it, and is 
more double and fragrant; its growth is equally 
strong, and makes a splendid pillar rose. Solfatare 
was sent to me by its grower, eight years ago, as a 
"superb Yellow Tea rose, not equalled," and when 
it first bloomed, it fully maintained its Tea character, 
but as soon as I grew it on its own roots, it directly 
assumed the habit of our favourite Lamarque Noisette, 
with the young wood inclining more to yellow, and 
the foliage more pointed ; in colour it is a bright sul- 
phur Yellow; very large and fully double, with an 
agreeable fragrance. When fully established, it flow- 
ers freely, and grows rapidly ; it is perfectly hardy, 
and one of the most splendid of pillar roses ; it is 
equally well adapted for training against trellises. 
An eastern or northern aspect, where it will have a 
portion of the sun, will suit it best, and fully preserve 
its beautiful colour, la addition to this rose holding 



100 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

its character, it appears also to retain, as yet, its name 
(Solfatare) unchanged ; few choice roses are so fortu- 
nate ; I say so fortunate, for it is truly a disgrace to 
any vender or amateur to change the name of any ro^ 
knowingly, merely to prevent his brethren in the trade 
from reaping at once any be.iefit by procuring the ar- 
ticle from its original source, or to deprive a co-lover 
and admirer of the rose from possessing the plant im- 
mediately, and from enjoying an equal pleasure with 
his neighbour. American growers are not so directly 
criminal in this respect 5 but they are frequently led 
into error by purchasing from some French importers, 
who, in many instances, have plants to suit any name 
or colour. It is surprising that we patiently submit 
to having the same dose of humbug so frequently 
administered to us. We are also occasionally caught 
bv our English rose-growers, who in visiting France, 
pick up the surplus stock of any new and choice 
rose, take it home, advertise boldly under a new 
name, and sell it at a golden price. Superba is one 
of our oldest Noisettes, and holds a rank among the 
first for profusion of bloom ; of a pale pink colour, 
and in splendid clusters from the base to the top of 
the plant, forming a very excellent pillar variety ; 
it will not exceed seven ieet in height with us, 
Victoire d^Aumy^ bright rosy pink, small flower, very 
perfect in form, plant of a dwarf habit. Victorieuse, 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 101 

Pictorium^ or La Victorieuse^ is perhaps more of a 
Tea than Noisette, being very like the former, except 
the clustering of its flowers, lyhich are large pale 
blush, beautiful and fragrant 5 dwarf growing. Vitel- 
lina^ pure white, very fine, is strongly hybridized 
with the Tea Rose, and aas been no doubt a seedling 
from Lamarque, to which the flowers bear a strong 
resemblance. WasJmigton^ pure white, flower medium 
size, quite double, blooming in large clusters, a rapid 
grower, with rich foliage, and very desirable as a 
pillar plant or for covering objects. Raised from 
seed by Mr. Stewart, Florist, of this city. Many of 
the dwarf growing Noisettes are improved in appear- 
ance by budding them on stems two feet high, espe- 
cially those that have large pendent flowers. Such 
as standards, are really elegant. The whole beauty 
of Noisette Roses (which is very great) can only be 
fully brought out where they are properly cultivated. 
It cannot be expected that these plants will show 
their growth and elegant habit when in flower, if 
they are merely deposited with their roots under 
ground, without any system of arrangement or cul- 
ture. In the first place, the situation must not be 
subject to inundations of water; neither will they do 
well on a wet soil. They require what is technically 
termed a "dry bottom," either naturally so, or artifi- 
cially made ; the soil deep and rich, having a consider- 
9* 



102 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

able proportion of sand in it; and if not very rich, 
rendered so by thoroughly rotted manure, or black 
earth from the woods. Their arrangement can be 
carried out into many forms, and to any required 
extent, according to the taste of the cultivator. A 
very agreeable method is to have them in groups, 
with the tallest in the centre, trained in a pyramidal 
or pillar form, and the dwarf sorts forming the base 
of the pyramid; they may be thus disposed, keeping 
those of a colour together, or mixing the colours. 
Grouping those of a colour together is the most 
appropriate method. The eye is then relieved in 
viewing the groups, by passing from white to crimson, 
and from crimson to white; whereas, if the colours 
are blended together in each mass, the effect is that of 
confusion and monotony, without any interest after 
the first glance. The same system will apply to 
covering arbours, verandahs, Sec. In landscape gar- 
dening the rose is indispensable; it can be made to 
accomplish any purpose in breadth or height, depth 
or lightness. For detached objects they are also very 
appropriate, form most elegant pillars, and if placed 
on elevated ground, have a very imposing effect. 
The posts used should be of red cedar, best sapling 
oak, locust or yellow pine, and sunk at least three 
feet into the ground, from four to six inches thick, 
and from six to twelve feet high ; if higher, the heavy 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 103 

winds are very severe upon them. For those that 
grow only from three to six feet, small rods of any 
description will be suitable^ painting them with a 
green or stone colour; strong twine, willow, glycine, 
or lead wire, may be used for tying. In pruning, 
from the month of November to March, thin out the 
wood of three or four years old, and shorten all the 
shoots in proportion to their growth; that is, shoots 
that have made only a growth of twelve to twenty 
inches, can be cut to within three or four eyes of the 
preceding 3^ear's wood; and those that have grown 
from three to ten feet should be shortened down to 
two to six feet. By this process they will throw out 
strong blooming shoots that will flower the whole 
season. They must have every year a good supply of 
rich compost, or decayed offal of any description, 
incorporated among the soil in which they are grow- 
ing. Never plant a rose in the same soil that a rose 
has been growing in before. If it is required to be 
planted in the same spot, remove the old soil, and 
replace it with new, to the depth of one to two feet. 
They delight on a sandy rich loam, on a gravelly or 
dry bottom. This is particularly requisite where the 
soil is of a stiff clay, and subject to crack during the 
summer months. If thus properly provided for when 
planted, they will grow in the greatest perfection and 
bloom profusely, it is necessary to cut off the flower- 



lO^ ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

ing stems as soon as they begin to fade, thus prevent- 
ing their going to seed except when required, as ma- 
turing the seed impoverishes the plant, and retards 
the reproduction of a succession of blossoms. If they 
are not wanted to erow to a o-reat extent, cut the 
shoots down to within two to four feet of the ground 
every season. The dwarf sorts make very pretty 
standard plants when budded, one or two feet above 
the ground, on the Manettii or French Eglantine ; 
but the strong growing kinds should never be budded 
for standards ; they make straggling heads, and never 
come to such perfection as when on their own roots. 
To grow Noisette Roses from seed is a very easy pro- 
cess, and its failure or success can be ascertained in 
two years; generally in one. The best varieties for 
the purpose are Lamar que^ Camdlia Rouge^ Cora L. 
Barto?i, Salfatare, and FeUeiiberg ; these planted to- 
gether, and assisted by art, will produce many dis- 
tinct varieties, and will fully repay all the trouble 
and patience bestowed upon them. If it is required 
to have them of a darker shade than any of these, 
pollen can be applied from any of the dark flowering 
Bengal or Bourbon Koses. Of the latter, Gloire de 
Kosamene will give great brilliancy of colour, and is 
very suitable for the purpose, as it already partakes 
of the Noisette habit. From these suggestions many 
others may arise to the mind of the operator, and if 
acted upon, the results may go beyond anticipation. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 105 



ROSA INDICA ODORATA. 

THE TEA-SCENTED ROSE. 

It is nearly forty years since this rose was intro- 
duced into Europe from China. At what period it 
was first brought to this country is to us unknown ; 
but it cannot be less than thirty years since; neither 
are we aware of any improvement being made upon 
it with us, or even with the French, who are the 
leading spirits in everything connected with the rose. 
It is a free seed-bearer, and has been the parent of 
many varieties, manj^ of which excel it in size, but 
few or none in fragrance. Few growers are very 
successful in its culture ; its growth at times is very 
luxuriant, and it sometimes makes a shoot three feet 
long; but such instances rarely occur. The varieties 
from it, however, are magnificent ; many of them, of 
the most luxuriant character, with flowers of all shades 
from white to red. The family are nearly all too 
tender for culture in this latitude without winter pro- 
tection. To grow them perfectly (and they are well 
worth extra care) the ground should be prepared ex- 
pressly for them. They delight in a rich light soil 



106 ROSES THAT BtOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

with a dry bottom, and in an elevated position. If 
the soil is naturally sandy, it will only require to be 
enriched by manure, or plenty of black decomposed 
leaves from the woods, in which they will grow in 
wild luxuriance; but if the soil is heavy and clayey, 
it should be thrown out to the depth of twenty inches. 
Six inches of the bottom should be filled up with 
rough rubbish, such as stones, brickbats, or branches 
of trees ; over these place sixteen inches of prepared 
soil, which will allow for settling. Two or three 
weeks after the bed is prepared, the roses may be 
planted. In the southern states, this operation can 
be performed in February and March, but with us 
April and the early part of May is the most proper 
season. If the bed is made in soil retentive of water, 
it will require to have a drain laid from it to keep 
the bottom dry, otherwise it would be providing a 
basin of water for the plants, which to them would 
prove a "bed of death" in winter. The only shelter 
necessary here is a covering of boards, glass, cedar 
branches, or straw; the latter is a bad protection when 
exposed to rain and snow, which causes mouldiness 
about the plants, and even kills them; where glass is 
not accessible, all that is required is a temporary and 
movable frame or covering of boards, which must be 
removed as soon as spring appears. Treated thus 
they will not receive any material injury in this 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 107 

vicinity from our severest winters; but to the east- 
ward, when there is no green-house, they require to 
be kept in good substantial close frames ; this can 
readily be accomplished by lifting them from the 
various parts of the garden and planting them very 
compactly together in the frame provided for them 
about the middle of October ; if the plants are taller 
than the frame will admit of, lay them in an inclining 
position, what the gardeners call "by the heels j" they 
will require no water till spring. 

About the first week, or towards the middle of 
April, they must be taken out, in a cloudy day, 
pruned of all decayed or superfluous wood, and care- 
fully planted into the place prepared for them. Ey 
adopting this method, which I have often practised, 
every lover of this celebrated rose in the eastern 
states can enjoy them in the greatest luxuriance from 
June to October. A substantial movable frame, seven 
leet wide and twelve feet long, which may be made 
ot two inch rough plank, one foot high in front and 
two and a half feet high on the back, covered with 
three sash, can be completed for the small cost of 
thirteen to sixteen dollars, and will afford ample pro- 
tection for two hundred plants, which will embrace 
all the choicest Tea and Bengal Roses, and afford a 
floral gratification in roses worth three times the 
amount. Such a frame can be placed in a sheltered 



108 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

situation, and also used for propagating, from cuttings, 
all the varieties of the monthly roses in June, July 
and August without bottom heat. However, where 
there are only a few scattered plants, they will do 
very well covered with branches of cedar, a box, or 
barrel, perforated in several places, to allow the mois- 
ture to evaporate. In mild latitudes every flower 
garden should have a full and perfect collection of 
this lovely tribe. If my words could paint its beau- 
ties, or give any idea of its fragrance, 1 would not 
plead for it in vain. But one fault they have, and 
that is, too much similarity among the generality of 
them. Although a difference can be discerned in all, 
yet I confess it requires, in many instances, a very 
discriminating eye to detect it. But the following 
will be found distinct in colour and character, and 
worthy of any culture requisite to bring them to per- 
fection. Adam^ very large— perfectly formed, deep 
blush, full and fragrant. Antherose^ or Anteros^ is 
very double, cup-shaped, of a pale pinkish-white shad- 
ing to yellow in the centre, grows very strong, and 
blooms well in pot culture. Archiduchesse Theresa 
Isabel^ or Isabel^ a very distinct dwarf-growing white, 
requiring the shoots to be well thinned out in order 
to make it grow strong for flowering ; the flowers are 
double and very pure. Abricott^ fawn colour, with 
an apricot coloured centre quite distinct, free growth, 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 109 

strong foliage, ^mcsna, pale rose, changeable to 
rosy pink, very double, a moderate grower. Barhot 
is a very strong growing rose, quite large, of a 
ereamy-blush colour, and frequently deep pink, 
though the French describe it as "a yellow edged 
with rose -^ it is highly fragrant, and an indis- 
pensable variety. Belle Marguerite ; the distinctive 
character of this rose is easily perceived at a con- 
siderable distance j its strong upright habit produ- 
cing its flowers on short stiff footstalks, the colour 
from a pale rosy lilac to a dark crimson, perfectly 
double ; w^hen well grown, a great bloomer and tole- 
mbly hardy. Boiigere has a great many admirers ; 
the flowers are extremely large, fully double, of a 
rosy-lilac colour, always cup-shaped, and even fading 
away in that form; the buds are very large before 
they expand ; it is one of the strongest growers, and 
bears our Tvititers with very slight protection. Bout- 
rand is a noble rose of a bright pink colour, perfectly 
formed, and a free grower. Caroline is a beautiful 
rose, of a bright rosy-pink colour, with finely formed 
flowers, ahvays blooming perfect, and in great profu- 
sion, even live or six in a cluster. It is one of the 
hardiest, having every quality of a first rate rose. 
Burets rosy red, cup formed, fully double, a free 
grower, distinct. Charles Beybaud, pale rose, of rather 
loose form, quite large, and blooms freely. Clara 
10 



110 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

Sylvain is a large and perfectly formed pure white 
rose, a strong grower and an abundant bloomer ; one 
of the best of the whites, giving entire satisfaction 
wherever grown. Claudia is a beautiful creamy- 
blush, perfect in every character, but a scarce variety. 
Comte de Paris is greatly esteemed in France, and 
is yet very scarce in this country. 

There are at least (that we have seen) four distinct 
roses cultivated and sold for the veritable "Comte." 
When once under the eye it cannot be mistaken ; the 
plant is of a very strong habit, with large shining 
foliage, and the spines or thorns distantly set on the 
wood, but very strong; the flowers perfectly double, 
of a pale rose colour, the bottom of the petals in- 
clining to yellow; the buds are quite large, round 
pointed, and like Caroline, always expanding freely 
in airy situations. Devoniensis is the tea rose in the 
superlative degree. Though at first represented as 
being a fine sulphur yellow, and figured as such, it 
proves to be a creamy-white, but when just open, 
in cloudy weather, is of a canary colour ; when well 
cultivated, it produces flowers of immense size, and 
in clusters ; it gro\vs freely, with dark green foliage, 
possesses a delightful fragrance, far surpassing the 
ancient Tea Rose, and is a very valuable sort for 
either pot or garden culture. It is an English variety, 
but is now sold cheaper in America than in either 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. Ill 



France or England. Delphine Gaudot^ pure white, 
blooming in clusters; though not fully douBlfe, yet 
ver}^ profuse of bloom. Due d^ Orleans, at first sight, 
much resembles Belle Marguerite, though it is rather 
brighter in colour, and the growth not so strong. 
Duchesse de Mecklenhourg is a perfectly formed dou- 
ble variety, of a creamy-yellow before it is deprived 
of its hue by the sun, whose brilliant rays rob nearly 
all roses of this shade of colour. Elisa Sauvage is 
another of that description of colour. Though very 
different in growth, which is not so strong, yet the 
flowers are very strong, and make a splendid appear- 
ance when forced. Etienie, white, with a delicate 
rose centre, very large flowers, and perfectly double, 
growing and blooming freely. Flavescens, or Yellow 
Te«, pale straw colour, extremely large bold petals: 
it is very splendid when half expanded, but when 
full blown is loose and not fully double; it bears 
an abundance of seed, but we have never produced a 
good rose from it. This plant was introduced into 
England from China, by Mr. Parks, about the year 
IS'i'l. In fresh sandy rich loamy soil it grows very 
strong, and flowers profusely, but does not thrive in 
heavy soils. My late partner, Mr. Hibbert, intro- 
duced this rose and the White China into this country 
in 1828, and the first plants that were sold of them 
was in 1830 ; they are now found in thousands over 



112 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

every part of the United States. Floralie^ pale rosy 
blush,#very perfect form, blooming in clusters, very 
profuse-Ff? Fragoletta., or Roi des Beiges^ very large 
pale rose, full and perfect, grows freely; it is also 
known in some collections as Xapohon. Gigantesque^ 
for size of flower, deserves its name ; but deficiency 
in form detracts from that merit; yet its pale fleshy 
coloured flowers are very showy. Gouhault is a large 
rosy blush inclining to yellow in the centre ; very 
double, distinct and fragrant; it grows freely, and 
will occasionally produce seed, from which fine varie- 
ties will no doubt be obtained. Hamon is a delightful 
rose, with large flowers changing from blush to deep 
rose colour, a profuse bloomer, and appears to succeed 
best when budded upon a stronger growing variety. 
Hardij^ or Gloire de Hardy, is a pretty variety, with 
pale pink flowers quite double, though not so large as 
the generality of Tea Eoses. Hymtnte is a profuse 
creamy white, perfectly double, growing freely in any 
situation, and quite hardy in this vicinity. Hippolyte 
is another of the same character, but has more of the 
yellow in it, and more fragrant. Josephine Malton 
is an elegant rose, of first rate character ; the flowers 
are large, retaining a cup shape to the last, of a 
creamy white colour; the plant is strong growing, 
and apparently very hardy. Julie Mansais generally 
approaches a pure white, though we have seen it 



EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 113 

quite 3^ellow during cloudy weather in September and 
October ; the flower perfectly double, retaining its 
cup shape till faded. La Sylpkide ; this rose possesses 
every requisite for admiration ; it grows very luxuri- 
antly; the flowers are very large, of a rosy buff turn- 
ing to a creamy- white^ co'our, produced in great 
profusion, and in either bud or bloom is always 
admired; does extremely well for pot culture, and 
is quite hardy for the garden. Lyonnais^ very large 
pale pink, often a fine blush, quite double, blooms 
freely, a strong grower, and is a very desirable 
variety. Madam Desprez is frequently seen in very 
great perfection; in that state it is a fac-simile of a 
Double White Camellia, with the most agreeable 
fragrance. It is rather delicate on its own roots, but 
when budded, grows well; in the south it is greatly 
admired. An amateur a few years ago presented me 
with a plant of this as something he had grown from 
seed, very magnificent^ and under a new name ; 1 
parted with two or three plants before the error was 
detected. Madam Galet approaches Elisa Sauvage in 
colour, but the growth is much stronger; it is conse- 
quently more hardy, and will grow in a more northern 
latitude. Mansais is very distinct from. Julie Mansais 
in both habit and colour; the flower is quite large, of 
a buff colour, with a pink centre, perfectly double ; 
the buds are very pointed, the wood strong and of a 
10* 



ll-i ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

spreading habit, very hardy. Marechal Bugeaud^ very 
large, of a bright rose colour, quite double, a strong 
grower and very superb, blooming abundantly. Mel- 
ville requires only to be seen once to be recognized ever 
afterwards; the plant will make shoots three or four 
feet long, crowned with very large dark rosy blush 
flowers perfectly double ; the foliage is strong, dark 
green, and deeply serrated ; it is quite hardy, and very 
desirable. Moire is a distinct globular variety, beau- 
tifully shaded with rose and blush, very perfect. Mon- 
dor, large rosy blush, fading to a pale buff colour, very 
double. J\''iphetos is a Avhite, remarkable for its large 
taper-formed flower bud, and till it is fully open is 
very splendid; but like the Yellow Tea, when fully 
expanded, it is not at all attractive ; the wood is strong, 
and a hardy variety. Jfisida, fawn coloured rose, 
regular cup-shape, very fragrant, pale green foliage, a 
free bloomer. Odoraia or Common Tea Rose ; few or 
none of the family possess the peculiar .fragrance oi 
this delightful rose ; its large rosy bljah flower buds 
will ever be admired ; when full blown it is not so 
attractive as others, but will always be desirable for 
its agreeable odour, though perhaps one of the most 
difficult of the family to grow well. A liberal por- 
tion of leaf mould and sand appears to suit it. Pau- 
line Plantier ; this is among the many that have light 
flowers, nearly white shading to yellow, a character 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 115 

becoming too prevalent in the family, and growers 
should be ever cautious in putting forth so many of 
those whose colours are "so much alike," though they 
may differ to a nice eye in the leaf, a shoot, or an 
imaginary shade. Pellonia^ pale-straw colour, large 
flower, though very loosely formed, bud long and poin- 
ted, a free grower. Prbicess Adelaide^ pale sulphur 
yellow, very double, a weak grower and rather an 
indifferent flower except when well grown. Prince 
d^ Esterhazy is a beautiful blush variety, similar to 
Lyonnais, except being a few shades darker, it re- 
tains its globular form till nearly faded — grows free- 
ly. Princesse HtUne Modeste and Princesse HCUne 
Luxembourg are nearly alike, though the latter has a 
little more of the yellowish colour than the former ; 
they are different in growth, and both are fine fully 
double roses. Princesse Marie, when well grown, 
will be admired by all ; its large deep rose-coloured 
waxy flowers, from four to five inches in diameter, of 
perfect cup form, which they retain till entirely fa- 
ded, are not excelled by any of the colour; it is of 
a strong upright habit, and nearly* as hardy as the 
common China Rose. Peve du Bonheur, or The 
Happy Dream, is a very distinct sort ; the buds, before 
they open, have the petals edged with bright red ; 
before expansion it appears striped, and when expan- 
ded is a creamy-blush ; though not perfectly double 



116 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

it is yet very desirable for its distinctive character, 
and being in bloom before any other of the group. 
Reine Victoria approaches Melville ; though not of so 
bright a colour it is fully as strong in habit, but the 
foliage not so deeply t-errated. Roman, pale lemon 
white, large flower, fully double. Safrano; when the 
bud opens in the morning, is a fine saffron or dark 
orange colour, and is beautiful 5 in the forenoon it is 
bluoh and in the afternoon a very poor white not 
worth notice, and unless jou see it pass through these 
changes, you could scarcely believe i\ to be the same 
rose. Souvenir (Tun Ami, pale rose, large flovrer, 
fully double. Stromhio cannot be too well known ; 
though an old variety, it holds its place, with its large 
pendulous rosy-white flowers, perfectly formed of a 
cup shape, and in profusion. It is also a luxuriant 
grower, and withstands our winters without protec- 
tion. Taglioni is a large rose, of a fine white incli- 
ning to pink towards the centre; a hardy strong vari- 
ety. Thehe, with every character of a Bengal rose, 
has the odour of the Tea very strong, and is put in 
this tribe on that ••account only; it is of a bright rosy- 
red colour, of rather dwarf habit, flowers profusely, 
and quite double. Triomphe du Luxembourg ; per- 
haps there is not a rose mentioned in this little volume 
that has been so universally distributed over the floral 
world in the space of thirteen years, as this celebra- 



EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 117 

ted variety. The flowers are often six inches in di- 
ameter, of a peculiar rosy buff colour, and may be 
frequently seen of a yellowish-white or deep rose, 
according to the season and situation ; its growth is 
remarkably strong, in some soils producing shoots five 
feet long in one season, flowering freely and perfectly, 
and is possessed of considerable fragrance. Turgot^ 
dark rose in the form of Belle Marguerite of the 
same habit but darker in colour. Vicomtesse de 
Cazes, pale orange-yellow, quite double, very fine 
when extra well grown. This rose with Eliza Sau- 
vage. Princess Adelaide and some others has the same 
fault of weak growth and paucity of bloom. Victo- 
ria Modeste, in the southern latitudes, is very splendid, 
blooming perfectly the whole season ; but it does not 
bloom here, except in the months of July and August. 
The flowers are of a fine blush colour, very large and 
cup formed ; the growth of the strongest habit, and 
the shoots thickly studded with thorns. William 
Wallace is of a pale blush colour, an extra large flow- 
er perfectly double, blooms and grows freely. I 
cannot say that since our first edition there has been 
any rose added to this group that surpasses or even 
equals Devoniensis. 

There could be many others named, but their de- 
scription would merely be a repetition of those 
given ; there are others that pass under very exalted 



118 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



names, though roses of very inferior character. A 
choice bright red or crimson Tea Rose is still a 
desideratum. There are several that approach that 
colour, but are not up to the standard of a connois- 
seur. From the. cultivation of the many beautiful 
sorts here described we may hope to see, ere long, 
this long expected treasure spring forth to delight our 
eyes. The most successful grower of roses from 
seeds has been Mr. Hardy, of the Luxembourg Gar- 
dens, near Paris, who annually raises thousands by 
that process ; and there is not a year passes that he 
does not send forth some article worthy the name of 
the grower. The Tea Rose is well adapted for for- 
cing, either in the hot-l:ouse or hot-beds prepared for 
them. They require a temperature of from 60° to 
70°, and will flower in six weeks from the time 
they have been subjected to the forcing process ; the 
atmosphere must be kept moist by syringing. A good 
criterion to know the humidity of the air they are in, 
is by observing the dew upon the plants in the morn- 
i Tg If they are lightly covered with it, showing the 
pearly drops from the tip of the foliage, it is a good 
sign ; but if this is not seen every morning, the at- 
mosphere is too dry, and the plants must be freely 
syringed and kept well watered. Budded plants 
force finer than those on their own roots ; this can be 
done with great facility by budding on the manettii 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 119 

stock or any other strong growing variety. In July 
or August layer the young wood of these plants, and 
insert the bud at once about a foot from the ground. 
These layers will be well rooted in October, when 
they can be lifted, potted, and put into a shady place 
in any frame or out-house, free from frost, till required 
for forcing.* Mildew frequently attacks them when 
in artificial heat j a few applications of sulphur water 
will keep it down ; but if the airing has been proper- 
ly attended to, and the water judiciously given, that 
disease will not appear. Grafted plants stand out all 
winter perfectly well with us, if the top is pruned in 
November and covered with oiled paper, oil-cloth, 
matting, or any other similar substitute, which we re- 
move in March, and frequently find the plants in as 
good order as they were when tied up. We take this 
precaution also with many of the Noisette and Ben- 
gal varieties. This is so easily practised that it should 
not be omitted where there is the least danger. 

* if grown one year in pots, they will nnake finer plants, 
and may then be made to bloom profusely in the following 
January. 



120 ROSES THAT BLOO.AI THE "WHOLE SEASON. 



ROS A. INDIC A. 

THE BENGAL CtHNESE, OR DAILY ROSE. 

This and Rosa Semperflorens, although considered 
distinct species, have been so completely intermixed 
and amalgamated, that it is now impossible to define 
the difference between them. They have been, since 
their introduction sixty years ago, universally cultiva- 
ted, and are admired by all. Not only the cottager 
and the great, but the poor inmate of the most cheer- 
less abode, and the lonely widow whose domains ex- 
tend not beyond the length and breadth of the win- 
dow-sill — all call in this favourite, to adorn the hum- 
ble porch, or decorate the fanciful parterre, to throw 
a gleam of light in the desolate attic, and to speak of 
flowers that never fade. They are of a very hardy 
nature, and will endure almost every vicissitude of 
treatment, but cannot very well bear the winter in the 
open air without protection, north of Philadelphia. 
They will, however, do well to the east by covering 
their roots, five or six inches thick, with dry leaves, 
and two feet all round. Distribute some earth over the 
leaves to prevent them being blown about by the wind. 
Give them rich sandy loamy soil of considerable 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 121 
' — ' -» 

depth ; plant in an airy situation, and never near a 
tree, or any other bush which exhausts the soil, and 
deteriorates the coloui of the flower. The best season 
for pruning is as early in the spring as their buds 
show a disposition to swell \ in doing so cut out all 
the dead wood, shorten any of the young shoots that 
are irregular ; the old stinted wood should be cut as 
near the ground as possible \ that the bush may stand 
free and regularly, thin all over j dig in among their 
roots every season a good supply of rich compost or 
old manure, and stir and hoe them frequently during 
the summer. The remarks we have made upon the 
culture of the Tea Rose will not be misapplied if 
practised on the Bengal, though these last are inva- 
riably more hardy. There are about one hundred 
varieties of them cultivated, though one-half of that 
number will give every variety and character, com- 
pared with which most of the others will be found 
worth neither name nor culture. Aglae Loth^ shaded 
rose fading to dark red, very double, and perfect 
form. Jlrance de jYavaro, sent out as a Tea, but evi- 
dently a Bengal, of a pale rosy pink colour, very 
profuse and double. Archduke Charles is a noble 
variety, opening a bright rose colour, and changing to 
crimson ; the points of the petals are frequently tip- 
ped with bright red. Arse?iie or Jlrsione^ is of a 
delicate rose colour, very perfect in form, grows and 
11 



122 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

blooms freely, quite distinct. Beau Carmin is of the 
Sanguinea habit, a very distinct variety, with dark 
crimson- purple shaded flowers, quite double, and cup 
formed, is a free grower, and continually in bloom. 
Belle de Monza^ though one of the oldest varieties-, 
holds its distinctive character in producing a profusion 
of flowers, when first open, of a rosy colour changing 
gradually to Yevy dark crimson, perfectly double ; the 
plant is a strong grower, and very hardy. Belle de 
Florence is a pale carmine variety with very perfect 
flowers under medium size, a profuse bloomer. Belle 
Isidore grows rampantly, even stronger than the com- 
mon China, from which its flowers differ, being more 
double, and changing from pink to crimson. Boisnnrd 
is of a pale sulphur, changing to nearly white, and 
appears to have all the character of a Tea Rose ex- 
cept fragrance. Camelliajlora, not white as some will 
suppose from its name, but rosy red changeable to 
dark red, very perfect form, large and distinct. Ca- 
mehon is another of the changeable sorts, opening a 
line rose colour, and then gradually changing to crim- 
son ; is perfectly double, and a strong grower. Car- 
min </' Yebles^ is very appopriately named, being of a 
bright carmine colour, very perfect, growing and 
blooming freely ; said to be " striped with white ;" 
many crimson roses have stripes of white, which, in 
general, is more a fault than a beauty. Cels^ or MuU 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 123 

tifiora Cels, ranks among the best of the blush roses; 
indeed for profusion of bloom it has not a rival ; 
everj flower perfect, fully double, and cup shaped, 
growing freely in almost any soil or situation, and is 
an excellent variety to force into early bloom. Co- 
quette^ changeable red, to rosy purple ; flowers double 
and in profusion, approaching the habit of Beau Car- 
mine. Cramoisi Supeneur, or Bengal Agrippina^ is 
universally admired for its brilliant crimson cup form- 
ed flowers, perfectly double ; it is a strong grower and 
should be in every collection. Don Carlos may be 
mentioned for being represented as a striped variety, 
tt closely resembles the common Sanguinea though not 
so bright, and has about as many stripes as Sanguinea. 
Duchess of Kent is a neat pale pink rose, of a dwarf 
habit, and rather small-sized flower. Etna^ of Lux- 
embourg, and UEtna are the same, and like Belle 
Isidore has that changeable colour from rose to crim- 
son; the petals are often tipped with scarlet, making 
it very attractive. Eugene Hardy is of a delicate 
rosy colour, very distinct, perfectly double, and me- 
dium size. Fahvier^ admired for brilliancy of colour 
(being near a scarlet) and its seeding qualities. 
General Soyer, rosy purple, fully double, medium 
size. Gigantea is an old strong growing sort, pro- 
ducing very large and fully double flowers, blooming 
perfectly, and quite hardy. Gros Charles is a mag- 
nificent variety, with large perfectly imbricated 



124 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

flowers of a shaded rose colour; the plant also 
grows free and strong. Hortensia^ a very distinct 
old variety, perfect in form, full size, a strong 
grower, blooms profusely, of a blush pink colour. 
Indica is the common variety, and generally known 
as the Daily JRose, from its frequency in blooming, 
and not from its blooming every day, as some sup- 
pose ; it is the type of the family. When we say 
large, we mean larger than this rose (Daily), and 
when small, we mean smaller than this. The flower 
is of a dark blush or rose colour, and about three 
inches in diameter, [t grows very strong, frequently 
making shoots five feet long in one season in rich 
sandy soil ; it is one of the best for forcing, and thou- 
sands of it are sold in the Philadelphia market at 
from six to fifty cents per plant. Plants two feet 
high are grown from small cuttings forced, and sold 
within twelve months. Such has been the rapidity 
of rose culture about this city, that twenty-five years 
ago there were not one thousand rose plants in its 
vicinity, and now there are, at the lowest calculation, 
fifty thousand disposed of in the course of a single 
year. Indica Alba is the very popular White Daily 
Rose, first imported to this country in 1828, and now 
spread through every town, village, and garden of the 
Union. It is very much like the old White Tea Eose. 
Though the petals are not so thick and waxy as that 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 125 

variety, the plant grows more freely and blooms more 
profusely. It is also well adapted for early forcing. 
Icterose is a creamy-white with yellow centre ; a very 
double variety, blooming and growing freely, and 
has much the appearance of being a variety of the 
Tea, though it has not much of its fragrance. Jack- 
sonia* is an American variety, producing a profusion 
of bright red flowers, perfectly double; the wood is 
strong and very full of spines. It is also known 
under the name of Hundred Leaved Daily. Joseph 
Desckiens, rosy purple shading to violet crimson, 
large, cup form. Jacques Pl^ntier, large, very dou- 
ble, shaded violet crimson passing to rosy purple, 
strono; growth. La Ccemens is a beautiful rose, the 
flower being of the form of a White Camellia, but of 
a rosy crimson colour; it is very perfect, and greatly 
admired. Lady Warrender, very pure white, perfect 
cup form, pretty double, blooms abundantly and 
grows freely, very similar to Tea Clara Sylvain. 
Louis Philippe has not an equal for growth, in good 
soils frequently making a shoot six feet long in one 
season; the flowers are large, perfectly double, of a 
oflobular form : the circumference of the bloom is of a 
dark crimson colour; the centre a pale blush, making 
it altogether perfectly distinct from any other rose in 



In compliment to the late President Jackson, 
11* 



126 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON^ 

cultivation j it will give entire satisfaction. We 
have seen it passing under the name of King of 
France. Madam Breon, bright rose, very large, dou- 
ble flower, of fine habit. Madam Hersent^ or Augus- 
tine Hersenty is a fine bright rose-coloured variety, 
very large, and though not very perfect in form, makes 
an excellent display; is of good growth, and tolerably 
hardy. Marjolin ranks among the finest dark crim- 
son roses ; it produces its flowers in great abundance ; 
they are large, globular, and perfectly formed, quite 
hardy, growing luxuriantly. . Meillez^ or The a Fleurs 
Jaune, has been cultivated • here many years, and 
though numbers have originated since, yet none has 
its character for great profusion of bloom, luxuriance 
of growth, and hardiness ; the flowers are pure white, 
and produced in clusters. Miss Belt, beautiful rosy 
blush, large flower, cup form, very perfect, an excel- 
lent American variety. Miss Sergeant is a bright 
pink rose, of fine habit, profuse flowering, strong 
growth, and perfectly hardy; it was grown from seed 
by Mr. Mackenzie, of this city. Prince Charles is a 
fine light crimson variety, very perfect in form, and, 
as well as many others of similar good qualities, is an 
ofl'spring of the Luxembourg Gardens. Prince Eugene 
is a very rich crimson rose, being in colour between 
Cramoisi Superieur, and Roi des Cramoisis ; perfectly 
double and hardy. Queen of France, large, dark red, 



ROSES THAT BLOOM TPIE WHOLE SEASON. 127 



very double, cup-form, approaching the character of 
Marjolin. Reine de Lombardie is the queen of the 
bright rosy-red varieties; it is of the most globular 
form, which it retains to its last hour. The flowers 
are perfectly double, and produced in profusion ; the 
plant grows rapidly, and is quite hardy. There is 
not a rose of the colour better adapted for forcing or 
growing in pots, for the parlour or green-house. Roi 
des Cramoisis was brought by me, in 1839, from Paris, 
where I saw the original plant, around which there 
was a regularly trodden path made by its admirers, of 
which I was one, never before having seen a dark 
rich crimson rose with so much odour; the flowers 
too were large, fully double, and cup formed; the 
plant three' or four feet high, and fully loaded with 
its gorgeous blos.soms. It has since appeared in several 
collections, having been imported under the name of 
Eugene Beauharnais ; it grows freely, and is well 
worth cultivating. Rose of Five Colours^ nearly 
single, bud long, and tapering flower of a creamy- 
white, spotted or stained with rose, foliage pale 
green, weak growth. We have seen many fine roses 
that had more character of five colours than the pre- 
sent subject, which would not have been noticed were 
it not for the imposing name which has excited so 
many amateurs. Rubens^ or Ruban Pourpre^ of the 
English, is a distinct rosy-violet coloured variety, 



128 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. - 

with perfectly formed flowers, though not so strong 
in growth as many others. Semjierjlorens ; this is the 
far-famed crimson Chinese, or Sanguinea Rose, the 
type of all the scarlet or crimson varieties of this 
division; it is perfectly double, cup shaped, of a rich 
crimson colour, and is universally cultivated ; its 
nature is not so hardy as some others, but yet it 
withstands our winters with very simple protection, 
and though of humble growth, gives a profusion of 
bloom throughout the entire season., Triomphant, or 
Bengal Triom'phant, is a popular rose, very lar^e and 
full, of violet-crimson colour, and may be often seen 
of every shade, from rosy-lilac to violet-crimson; the 
flowers are always perfect in form. The plant has 
passed under several other names in Europe, such as 
La Superha., Grande et Belle, Pceony J^Toisette, &c., 
but is known with us under the two former names 
only. Triomphe de Gand approaches the former, but 
the colours are not so varied, and the plant is more 
robust in habit. Vesuvius, very bright, rich crimson 
medium size, fully double, fragrant, a strong grower, 
very desirable. Virginal, very beautiful blush pass 
ing to blush Avhite, full cup-form, quite distinct 
Viridijlora, flower under medium size, double, bloom 
ing in large clusters of a bright green colour, evi 
dently a sport from the daily rose that (as we believe) 
originated in the vicinity of Baltimore a few years 



Roses that ei.oom the whole season. 129 

ago; quite a curiosity. Washington was one of our 
first American seedling roses, grown by the old house 
of D. and C Landreth ; it is yet a distinct variety in 
both flowers and foJiage; the former are crimson, 
with white at the bottom of the petals, and frequently 
striped much more distinctly than Don Carlos ; the 
foliage is a pale peculiar green, with red nerves; it 
grows and blooms freety. 

This tribe of the rose family is yet susceptible of 
great improvement; we want some of pale rose and 
blush colours, with a few of dark rich crimson. For 
the former, we strongly urge the impregnating of 
Meillez with Lady War render and Queen of Loin- 
bar dij ; and Roi des Cramoisis with Marjolin ; the 
offspring of these will doubtless give some choice 
sorts. It now requires a very superior article to rank 
among first rate roses, and none shall ever, with our 
consent, be sent forth with a name, without merit. 
Standards, or rose trees of from one to three feei of 
the Bengal sorts, are very attractive, and should 
always be cultivated where variety, character, and 
ornament are desired. They can be very easily bud- 
ded on the Manettii stock at any required height, and 
with care may continue to flourish from ten to fifteen 
years, keeping their heads close pruned, and giving 
them plenty of enriching materials about their roots 
every winter. Some of the delicate growing varieties 



130 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

can be budded on the stronger sorts; the common 
daily rose makes an excellent stock, and it can be 
propagated with such facility that any quantity of 
strong plants may be got for the purpose. All the 
China roses can be propagated by cuttings taken from 
the plants as soon as they have done blooming, in 
June, August, September, and October; the shoots, 
about three or four inches long, thai have produced 
flowers, are the best for the purpose ; cut them off 
close to the old wood, and reduce them to three 
inches in length, cutiing off the top; then insert them 
into sandy rich earth, in a shady spot, or on the north 
side of a fence, or in a frame where they can be 
shaded from the sun ; it is necessary to make the 
cuttings firm in the soil, leaving about an inch of the 
top above the ground, with one or two leaves thereon; 
give them a sprinkling of water every evening for a 
few weeks, when they will be rooted, and may then 
be left to take their chance; if put in in June they 
will form strong plants before winter; but where they 
are only required to a limited extent, layering will be 
found the safest method, and will always produce a 
good strong plant. For this purpose, select a shoot 
in August, about a foot long ; cut and place it into 
the ground as directed for layering in a former part 
of this work. When fully rooted, about the end of 
October, they can be cut off and put aw'ay into winter 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 131 

quarters, either by the heels in a frame, or planted 
into pots. They must be shaded from the sun for a 
few days after removal, and will be greatly strength- 
ened by having their tops cut off, only leaving one, 
or at most two branches, six to eijjht inches lono- 
Those of robust habit do not make handsome stand- 
ards ; they shoot away into irregular forms, and 
require to be repeatedly trimmed into shape durino- 
the growing season. Summer pruning has been 
strongly urged upon the horticulturist by many 
writers in Europe, where they have a cool humid 
climate to operate in,- but in this country, where 
growth is so rapid, it requires all the foliage a plant 
produces to convey to the roots the nourishm.ent 
(carbonic acid) it derives from the atmosphere, to 
support their free growth during the months of July 
and August. Every leaf, young shoot, or branch that 
a tree or plant is deprived of, during the period of 
their growth, is merely withdrawing from them a 
portion of their daily food. J have rarely seen sum- 
mer pruning attended with beneficial results, but the 
contrary. The proper method is to disbud, or merely 
take the tip from the extremity of a shoot. "The 
size of a plant is proportional to the surface of the 
organs which are destined to convey food to it. A 
plant gains another mouth and stomach with every 
new fibre of root and every new leaf." When the 



132 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

Bengal, or any of the Tea roses, that have been 
planted in the open ground during the summer, are 
wanted to decorate ihe green-house, or parlour, during 
the fall or winter months, the best plan is, towards 
the middle of September, to cut the roots round each 
plant, leaving the ball of ground less than the pot 
you intend using. Cutting the roots will cause the 
plant to droop, but in about a fortnight they will 
make fresh rootlets, and will be ready for potting, 
which must be done with care, not to crumble the 
ball of earth or disturb the fresh roots. By this means 
the plants will look more handsome than if they had 
been grown in pots. 



ROSA LAWRENCIANA. 

THE MINIATURE nOSE. 

These diminutive roses Avere first introduced from 
China, where the greatest efforts of horticulture are 
directed towards dwarfing every tree, shrub or plant. 
In this instance, however, it is no peculiar mode 
of treatment that has stunted the growth of the 
plant, or diminished the size of the flowers ; but 
these roses have been the produce of seeds saved 
from the smallest flowers of the kind, year after 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 133 



year, till they now have become the fairies of the 
tribe. In France they cultivate about a dozen varie- 
ties of these Lilliputians, varying in colour from 
nearly white to dark crimson. In this country, where 
almost every flower must be a Goliah, before it is 
admired, this family has been nearly lost sight of. 
Indeed, they are entirely buried, when planted among 
those gorgeous flowers we have already attempted 
faintly to describe. It is therefore necessary, in 
cultivating the miniature rose, to grow them in a 
spot by themselves ; for this purpose a slightly ele- 
vated position is the best, the ground having been 
prepared in the same manner as directed for Bengals 
or Teas. The following are the most distinct varie- 
ties of European origin. Jllha^ pale blush, ])erfect in 
form, contrasting beautifully with the high coloured 
sorts — quite scarce in this country. Caprice des 
Dames, pink changing to blush, quite double, distinct 
from any of the others. La Miniature, a bright pink 
rose, perfect in character, v»ith the flower about the 
size of half a dime, the plant about six inches high 
when full grown. Gloire, crimson, in size and growth 
rather larger than the former. Pompon, of the 
French, is the old Indica Minor, from which no doubt 
they have originated. Bijou is a clear rose colour, 
very similar to the first named, but a few shades dark- 
er. There is also the Pretty American, a plant of 
12 



134? ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

low stature, never exceeding six or seven inches in 
height, grown by Mr. Boll, of New York. And last 
and least, we copy from the third volume of Hovey's 
Magazine of Horticulture an account of the Prince 
of Dwarfs, which originated at Mr. Feast's, of Balti- 
more. — " When three years old, the Master Burk had 
fine full blown and very double flowers; and the 
half of a common hen's egg-shell would have cov- 
ered the whole bush without touching it. This 1 saw 
and assert to be a fact. It is now seven or eight years 
old, flowers regularly every year, affording wood for 
propagation, and has never yet attained two inches in 
height, nor its whole top exceeding one, or one and a 
half inch in diameter ; the rose is about the size of a 
buck-shot." The article was written by a gentleman 
of high standing, with whom I am personally acquain- 
ted, and do suppose, as he says, it is " a fact," al- 
though I have not been able to get possession of the 
plant. 



KOSA BOURBONIANA. 

THE BOURBON ROSE. 

It is about twelve years since we predicted that 
this group of roses, in a few years, would be the most 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 135 

popular of the whole family of the " Queen of Flow- 
ers ;" that prediction is now literally fulfilled, in the 
great demand by all the admirers and cultivators of 
the rose, for the varieties of this family. Our readers 
will allow that the taste thus created within a few 
years is not to be wondered at, when we have held 
up to their admiration the choice bouquet of these 
flowers which we are now about to present. As this 
family has become so very popular, its history, no 
doubt, will prove interesting ta many, and is indeed 
worthy of some attention. 

The first rose is said to have been imported from 
the Isle of Bourbon to France in 1822, and is there 
known in the catalogue of the French growers as 
Rose de Vile de Bourbon. It attracted great atten- 
tion by its peculiar habit and profusion of brilliant 
bright rose-coloured flowers, blooming in June, with 
a slight tendency to flower again in autumn ; not 
being fully double, it produced an abundance of seed, 
from which varieties were obtained that bloomed 
freely the whole season. The only roses known on 
the island, were the common China, and the Red- 
four-seasons, till about the year 1816, when a Mon- 
sieur Perichon was planting a hedge of these, among 
his plants found one very diflE*erent from the others in 
its shoots and leaves, which induced him to plant it 
in his garden, where it was discovered by a French 



136 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE "WHOLE SEASON. 



botanist, and sent home in 1822 to Monsieur Jacques, 
then gardener at the Chateau de Neuilly ; this accounts 
for the name of "Bourbon Jacques," frequently given 
by English growers to the common Bourbon Rose. 
It was introduced to this country, in 1828, by the late 
Mr. Thomas Hibbert, whose name will always be 
associated in the memory of many with rose culture. 
This association of ideas, connected with a particular 
subject, often flashes on the mind with the vividness of 
a sunbeam. The first perfect specimen 1 ever saw of 
this rose, was in the possession of that cultivator, and 
although it is now over twenty years ago, th<^ spot, 
thee ompany, the remarks, the very words, all occur 
to me most forcibly whenever this rose is introduced ; 
"thus thought folio vvs thought, according to the order 
in which object and events are related to each other." 
The perpetuity of bloom, and the hardy nature of the 
Bourbon Rose fills up a chasm that had long been de- 
plored by amateurs and cultivators in northern lati- 
tudes. They are decidedly more robust, and with- 
stand a greater degree of cold than either the Noisette, 
Tea, or Bengal roses, it is now our impression, that 
in a few years, these with the "Remonlante" family, 
will be the only roses cultivated in all the states north 
of Virginia ; and there is no reason why, in time, 
there should not be among them specimens exhibiting 
all the distinctive varieties disseminated among other 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 137 



groups, such as mossy, striped, spotted, mottled, not 
excepting a yellow colour in its brightest shade. 
The constant improvement on this division of the rose 
is exceedingly interesting, many of them far surpass- 
ing those of ten years standing. Since our last addi- 
tion brilliancy of colour has predominated in the new 
sorts surpassing any previously observed, combining 
size, delicacy and fragrance j though it must be ob- 
served that the pale colours of this family have gener- 
ally the least fragrance. In those now described, 
every colour will be found, from nearly pure white to 
dark crimson purple. 

Acidalie has been in cultivation several years, but 
is only now coming into notice for its distinct pale 
rose- white colour ] the flower is perfect in form, large, 
arid a little fragrant ; the plant is quite hardy, and 
grows well. Jlme^iiade^ bright rose lyhen first open, 
fading to paler, very perfect form, strong grower, 
blooming in large clusters. Augustine Lelieur pos- 
sesses considerable fragrance, is of a rosy-purple co- 
lour, full, round, well formed, and is a strong grower, 
but does not open well in the early part of the season. 
Amourette is a pale flesh-coloured variety, with flowers 
very perfect and distinct ; though smaller than many 
others, it is very profuse. Amarantine, bright car- 
mine, large flower, fully double j of medium growth. 
JBeluzCj or Anne Beluze^ pale waxy blush, very per- 
12* 



138 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

feet in form, a distinct article. Boliquet de Flore is a 
great favourite, and though it has been cultivated 
some years, is yet quite scarce 5 the flowers are very 
large, perfectly double, with large round firm petals, 
blooming very profusely. It possesses considerable 
fragrance, is a strong grower, and quite hardy. Car- 
dinal Fesch, flov^ers of crimson colour, medium size, 
but produced in profusion, quite double and distinct, 
not to be mistaken. Celimene growls with vigour ; 
the shoots are densely studded with strong prickles ; 
flowers of a delicate ros6 colour, medium size, and 
fully double. Charles Souchet dark rosy violet 
changing to crimson, quite large, full, cup form, per- 
fect. Cornice de Seine et Marne, very bright crimson, 
shell formed petals, very double, blooms in clusters. 
Comte de Ramhuteau, very changeable rosy crimson, 
large full flower of an irregular form. Charlemagne 
of a pale changeable colour, flowers produced in 
large clusters — plant of strong growth, as yet quite 
S3arce. CoJiite de Kanttuil^ plant of dwarf growth, pro- 
ducing its flov/ers of a rosy purple colour in clusters j 
very double. Deuil du due d'' Orleans^ very dark crim- 
son flowers under medium size, very double ; plant 
of slow growth, quite distinct, as yet quite rare. Com- 
tesse de Resseguire ; this rose, so brilliantly heralded, 
is far eclipsed by several of the same colour, a pale 
waxy blush fading to creamy white. Degasches^ cup 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 139 

form, bright rose colour, in large clusters of strong 
growth, and a free bloomer, Dumont de Courset, 
dark rosy carmine, cup form, changeable. Doctor 
Roques^ or Crimson Globe^ of the English, is of ro- 
bust habit, makes an elegant standard ; the flowers are 
globular, finely formed, of a rich dark crimson colour, 
the plant perfectly distinct, and when once seen it 
cannot be mistaken. B^Yehles grows very like the 
old Madam Desprez, but the flowers are of a much 
brighter colour, the foliage very large, and the plant 
quite strong. Bupetit Thouars^ dark crimson, full- 
cupped flowers in clusters, a free bloomer. Edward 
Desfosse^ colour waxy blush inclining to fawn ; flow- 
ers perfectly imbricated, produced very abundantly; 
plants of medium growth. Enfant d'Ajaccio of Vi- 
bert, is the very same as Souvenir d'' Ansdme of some 
other growers. It is in our opinion the very best of the 
scarlet Bourbon Roses, either for growth, profusion, or 
fragrance, and is evidently a seedling from Gloire de 
Rose?nene, being of the same colour and habit, with 
very perfect double flowers j it is a glowing pillar 
rose. Emilie Courtier does not appear to open freely 
till after July, when it shows its fine rose-coloured 
fragrant flowers in great perfection. Fedora, bright 
crimson, perfectly double, a strong grower, and will 
yet prove to be a fine pillar rose. General Dubourg, 
when well grown, produces its large pale rose-colour- 



140 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE REASON. 

ed flowers in great clusters, highly fragrant, giving a 
profuse autumnal blooming ; it is a strong grower, 
and makes a fine pillar variety. Gloire de Rosamene, 
the flowers are nearly bright scarlet, produced in large 
clusters, but are not fully double, of rampant growth, 
making a fine pillar plant, yerj conspicuous in the 
distance, clothed with large foliage from bottom to 
top. Gtorge Ciivier, pale rose, finely formed, medium 
growth, a free bloomer. General Oudinot^ flowers 
crimson, fully double; plant of good habit, and will 
prove I think a very desirable sort. Gloire de Paris, 
deep crimson, large cupped flower, a very profuse 
bloomer. Henry Clay (Kaabe,) pale blush, strong 
growth, perfect form, very distinct. Henry Clay, 
(Boll,) large brilliant carmine, fully double, in large 
clusters, a strong grower, and a splendid variety, 
blooming profusely the whole season. Hersilie, rosy 
pink, distinct colour, large flower, cupped and fully 
double, a free bloomer. Hennequi?i, in growth, equal 
to Madam Desprez, and very much of its habit, flow- 
ering in immense clusters of rosy crimson flowers. 
When on its own roots, in rich light ground, it will 
grow to any size. Hermosa, or Armosa, of some, an 
old variety and still a favourite; the flowers are of 
the most exquisite form, perfectly cupped ; medium 
size, in profusion of a pale rose-colour. It is a dwarf 
grower, and makes a fine bush or standard ; it also 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 141 



does well in the green-house. Henry Planner is a 
popular variety, producing a profusion of deep rose- 
coloured flowers of medium size ; a free grower. 
Julie de Fontenelle^ a decided acquisition, very per- 
fectly formed, large deep red flowers, quite fragrant, 
of a strong growth, blooming freely. Jupiter or Star 
of Jupiter^ bright rosy red, perfect form, plant of 
medium growth. There is a variety circulating un- 
der that name of a blush colour, and very likely to 
be Noisette Monstrosa. Lavinie (TOst^ habit of Mad- 
am Desprez, flowers of a pale blush colour, very like 
many of the others except in name. Leveson Gower, 
in size and form very similar to Souvenir de Malmai- 
son ; colour rosy red ; plant does not do for forcing 
as it is very subject to mildew. In the south it is of 
very strong growth and splendid, vieing with its rival 
in brighter colour. Ladi/ Canning, pale rose colour, 
rather small flowers, quite double, blooming in clusters* 
Le Grenadier, dark, crimson, of strong habit, very 
perfect flowers, and will form a fine pillar variety 
La Phcenix, a bright red, with flowers beautifully 
imbricated to the very centre. Its habits is sim- 
ilar to Hermosa. Madam Aude, of a bright rose 
colour, with finely formed flowers ; it grows vigor- 
ously, and will make a good pillar plant. Madam 
Desprez; it is eighteen years since I first imported 
his rose, together with Aimee Vibert, Lamarque, 



142 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

Jaune Desprez, and some others of equal celebrity,* 
they will maintain their character for a quarter of a 
century to come, and should be in every garden be- 
tween this and Nachitoches. This rose originated 
with Monsieur Desprez, a distinguished French ama- 
teur j it is considerably hybridized with the Noisette, 
and like that variety produces its bright rose-coloured 
flowers in immense clusters j from thirty to seventy 
bloom in each when the plant is fully established; 
the foliage is a rich green, strong and handsome. 
Madam Angelina^ very perfect, pale creamy blush, 
nearly the colour of the Queen^ medium growth, a 
free bloomer and makes a fine standard. Madam 
Lacharme^ very perfect, rose white flower, quite full, 
in large clusters, growing and blooming freely. Ma- 
dam Ktrard is of a waxy blush or fawn colour; this 
new variety is as perfect as any of the family, and 
will be a great favourite. Madam Souchet, another 
blush variety of elegant form shading to pink, very 
prett3^ Manteau de Jeanne d^Arc; this and Reine 
du Congres have a great resemblance to each other 
in colour, though different in habit, both waxy pale 
blush, and though described as "tinted with rose," 
all blush roses become tinted after being full blown. 
Mrs. Bosanquet, as intimated in our first edition, has 
been placed among the Bourbons; it is one of the 
most popular of roses; full cup-form, large pale blush, 



KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 143 

flowers, growing freely; a plant in this vicinity is 
twenty-five feet high and fifteen wide. J)^rs. Lane, 
bright rose colour, flower above medium size, plant 
of free growth. Madam Js^eumann^ Le Brun, Gloire 
de Fra?ice^ or the Monthly Cabbage^ appear to be one 
and the same rose. I have repeatedly gone from 
plant to plant, and compared flower with flower, but 
could come to no other conclusion; when Le Brun 
appeared with so fine a character, about eight years 
ago, 1 tried to persuade myself it was a new rose, but 
in vain ; if they are not one and the same, they are at 
least perfectly similar, producing fine large deep rose- 
coloured flowers of exquisite fragrance, but do not 
open well in the early part of the season, or during 
wet weather ; they are of strong growth, requiring 
very rich soil. Marechal de Villars is a very distinct 
rose, with bright rosy-purple flowers, very compact, 
blooming profusely in either wet or dry soils ; it is a 
good grower, and will always rewaid the care be- 
stowed upon it ; it will grow either as a bush or pillar 
rose. JVadiska, bright rosy red, pretty colour, plant 
of medium growth, blooming in clusters. Paul Joseph 
is a scarce variety, of a brilliant crimson colour, rich 
dark foliage. Pierre de St. Cyre^ a very perfectly 
formed pale rose-coloured flower, blooming profusely 
in clusters, plant of strong habit. Phillipar is of 
a beautiful peach-blossom colour; the plant grows 



144 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



rapidly when well established, producing very large 
clusters of flowers, rather under medium size, but in 
profusion, forming a handsome pillar plant. Pourpre 
Fafak, a small flower in profuse clusters, of a deep 
crimson colour. Prince of Salem^ bright rosy-violet, 
very double, opens most freely in warm weather. 
Reme des Verges is rather a fine variety, of perfect 
cup-form, delicate creamy blush, an abundant bloomer. 
Proserpine^ violet purple, the flowers are large and 
well formed. Reine des lies de Bourbon^ or the Queen 
of the Bourbons^ has been admired ever since it made 
its appearance in the family; at first it was thought 
to be a Bengal. The colour is a beautiful waxy 
blush, with petals perfectly formed, bold, and cup- 
shaped ; a half-blown rose from this plant is loveli- 
ness itself; the plant is rather dwarf in habit, but in 
a proper climate and genial soil, will grow as high as 
desired. Remond, bright carmine, flower fully double, 
of medium size, plant of low growth. Souchet, bright 
crimson, perfect cup-form, large flower, plant of me- 
dium growth. Souve?iir de la Malmaison is of a deli- 
cate blush, flower very large, perfect form, blooming, 
when well grown, in clusters, making it very conspi- 
cuous, forces freely, and is one of the most splendid of 
the Bourbon Eoses. Souvenir de Dumont d'Urville, 
bright red, fading to dark crimson, globular form, 
quite double, blooming freely. Sully^ very brilliant 



EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 145 



crimson of good form, blooming in clusters, plant of 
full foliage and rather free growth, makes a handsome 
dwarf standard. Therese Margate or Madam Margat, 
approaches "Phoenix," though perhaps not so bright; 
the floAvers are beautifully cupped, quite double, and 
fragrant ; it is of strong growth. Thertsita is of a 
bright rose colour, perfectly double, very distinct 
from any other sort, in its bushy growth and profu- 
sion of bloom. Triomphe de la Duc/iere, a free grow- 
ing pillar plant, producing a profusion of rosy blush- 
coloured flowers, a decided, distinct and desirable 
variety. Violet de Belgique is one of the most fra- 
grant of the family, having all the agreeable odour of 
the Damask Rose ; the flowers are rosy purple of noble 
form, large, and double. 

There are several others in this most interesting 
family well deserving notice, and even very desirable 
where a full collection is grown, although it must be 
confessed that there exists in this tribe, great confu- 
sion in regard to name, and there are many instances 
of the same article passing under different names in 
different collections. Some of these errors have origi- 
nated in this country, unintentionally, I presume j 
others have been committed in France, in sending 
out the article not true to name. It must also be 
conceded that our English brethren have their full 

share in these practices j and with their host of syno- 
13 



14^6 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



nymes (to give them no harsher name) completely 
blindfold us. Under their "Crimson Globe" we dis- 
covered our friend "Dr. Roques ;" and under their 
crimson "Madam Desprez," or "Splendens," we see 
our "Hennequin." The public have frowned down 
those practices the past few years. Certainly no 
reputable establishment ever was guilty of it. The 
history of Roses is now so generally known, that the 
mind would be very vitiated to lay hold on any sub- 
terfuge when bright honour is so liberally patronized. 
There are also some recent additions, only known by 
name, with whose colour and character we have yet 
to be acquainted. Among them we have not a pure 
white, nor a striped; till such are obtained, this finest 
family of the Rose is incomplete. The Bourbons, 
generally, make fine standard plants, either on low 
or high stems; as they are nearly all of strong growth, 
and produce a constant succession of bloom the whole 
season, they require to be highly nourished, either 
with rich soils, or copious waterings with liquid ma- 
nure. If on standards, the tops of them will be 
benefitted if protected as advised for Tea and Bengal 
roses; or the whole plant may be removed to a shaded 
situation, where, after sheltering them, lay them in 
by the heels, and cover them with boards; when 
spring opens prune them close, and plant them where 
desired, in fresh prepared soil. This removal is even 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 147 

beneficial to them, for it is well known to all growers 
that the Rose is improved by a change of soil, unless 
it be in those deep alluvial soils that have never been 
cultivated ; in such the roots run yearly in quest of, 
and obtain, genial nourishment for any length of time. 
But in the eastern and northern states, it is absolutely 
necessary to lift the plants that are budded, and place 
them under protection. Those grown on their own 
roots may be well surrounded with dry leaves, which 
will protect them from the sudden changes of our 
winter season, in latitudes north of this; and even if 
their tops be destroyed, they will push vigorously 
from the roots, and produce their flowers in full per- 
fection. They should not be allowed to go to seed ; 
remove the flower stems as soon as they are faded ; 
it increases the reproduction of bloom. 



REMONTANTES, 

OR HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE. 

This is a new tribe, that has originated within 
fifteen years, between the Perpetual and Bourbon 
Roses, possessing the beauty and fragrance of the 
former with the growth and foliage of the latter; 



148 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

they produce an abundance of flowers from June to 
November J* they open a field of pleasure to the 
northern grower and amateur, which had hitherto 
been reserved only to the rose fanciers of more 
favoured climes. They are equally as hardy as the 
common garden rose ; and by careful cultivation, 
good soil, frequent waterings in dry weather, de- 
priving them of all faded flower-stems, they will 
show flowers the whole season till destroyed by frost. 
Their general habit is robust and vigorous to a re- 
markable degree; their flowers large, perfect, fragrant, 
and of almost every colour. We cannot give any 
idea of the beauty they may attain to in the southern 
states, where the soil is so genial to their culture, but 
they cannot fail to grow and flower to the satisfaction 
of the most fastidious taste. We cannot fully depend 
upon the very flattering, if not extravagant, descrip- 



* The high expectations formed of this new division of the 
Rose have not, and will not be fully realized; they are defi- 
cient in a general and constant inflorescence, even with the 
richest culture and best of practice. Cutting back exuberant 
shoots in early summer does not always give bloom late in the 
season. We say without fear that one-half of the varieties 
will not give a bloom in September and October, and those 
that do flower are far from being profuse. They require to 
have more of the best of the Bourbon Roses in their compo- 
sition to suit the choijce amateur. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 149 

tions of many roses emanating from growers in every 
country. The beauties of the child are most evident 
to the parent ; so vi^ith the rose ; though its charms are 
sweet to all, yet they are sweeter to him whose foster- 
ing hand has raised it from seed. To obtain a new 
variety, meriting extra notice, in this improving age, 
is no paltry affair; and many, like "Queen Victoria," 
are named before their merit has been fully tested, 
and sent out to the floricultural world, as it w^ere, on 
trial. But we will mention only those in which there 
need be no fear of disappointment. Aricie^ bright 
rose, fine cup- form, large, and very fragrant. Augus- 
tine Moucheletj bright violet crimson, of rapid growth, 
but not a very constant bloomer. Aubernon is an 
excellent bloomer, even to profusion, -with, perfect 
bright, rosy, carmine flowers. Baronne Halley, a new 
rose of very bright carmine colour, flower large, per- 
fect cup-form, plant of good growth. Baronne Pre- 
vost^ flowers bright rose of extremely large size, plant 
of free growth, foliage large, very superb. Blanche 
Lamouroux, of exceeding free growth, producing its 
bright rosy cupped flowers in terminal clusters. Caro- 
line de Sansal, delicate rosy pink, flower large and 
perfectly double, quite a rare variety. Clementine 
Duval has much the character of a Bourbon, even to 
its dwarfness; the flowers are quite perfect, of a bright 
pink colour. Comte d^Eu, a distinct dwarf, with 
13* 



150 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE AVHOLE SEASON. 

bright carmine flowers, fully double. Comtesse Du- 
chatel cost me twenty-five francs, and is not worth 
half that sum, though a good variety, with finely 
cupped flowers, of a deep rose colour. Comtesse 
Jaubert^ pale pink with thick waxy petals of strong 
growth. Coquette de Meudon^ bright rosy carmine 
inclining to crimson in the autumn, flower expanded 
and double. Cymedor, of a peculiar scarlet crimson 
colour, Vv^hich the French call "Couleur de Giroflee," 
the flower fully double, and plant of excellent habit. 
Comtesse Mole, delicate rosy-blush, crown form, dis- 
tinct colour, fragrant. Comte de Paris has magnifi- 
cent large rosy-purple flowers, perfect in form, with a 
delicate fragrance, blooming superbly through the fall 
months. Docteur Arnol., flower bright rose, rather 
under medium size, of cun-form, Docteur Marx has 
flowers of a crimson-violet colour, and perfect, grow- 
ing freely. Dr. Marjolm^ bright red, beautiful cup- 
form, a free bloomer, very fragrant. Due d^iumah 
is a pale crim.son rose, a strong grower and free 
bloomer. Duchesse de JS^em.ours, bright rose, very 
perfect form, blooming freely. Duchesse de Prash'n, 
blush, pink centre, flowering in clusters, foliage pale 
green, plant of good growth. Duchesse de Sutherland 
is not so constant a bloomer as some others, but for 
rapid growth it has few equals among the tribe, and 
its very double flesh-coloured flowers are quite beau- 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 151 

tiful. Edouard Jesse has been a favourite with us 
these five years, and is still admired for the beautiful 
flowers, of a bright red circled by a pale tint, delight- 
fully fragrant. Emma Dampiere and Fidouline are 
both superior varieties, of a dark rose colour. Fulgorie^ 
rosy crimson, very large and perfect, producing its 
flowers in clusters like the old Monthly Cabbage, the 
wood is very strong and thickly studded with prickles. 
General Cavaignac^ bright rose, cup-form, flower large, 
plant of strong growth. General Jfegrier^ beautiful 
clear rose colour, very perfect form, a new and scarce 
sort. Giant of the Battle^ or Geint des Baiailles, a 
very decided improvement on the habit and colour of 
this family of the rose, possessing more of the Bourbon 
than any of its congeners, colour bright scarlet crim- 
son, flower cup-form, blooming profusely the whole 
season, foliage bright green, plant of medium growth, 
very desirable. Guilbert Slater^ rosy violet, cup-form, 
free growth. Henri Fourth^ rosy pink inclining to 
carmine, imbricated flower, strong foliage. Jacques 
Lafitte^ flower above medium size, of a rosy carmine 
colour, a constant and profuse bloomer. La/^e, bright 
red, perfectly formed, a constant bloomer, quite fra- 
grant. Leonie Verger, flowers carmine, under medium 
size, but in great profusion, very distinct. Leonore 
d^Este, colour rosy pink, edged with pale blush, per- 
fectly double and distinct. Lady Fordwich grows 



152 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

freely, and produces the whole season a profusion 
of perfectly double flowers, of a rosy-pink colour, 
with the odour of the Damask Rose. Lady Peel., 
deep rosy-pink colour, lovely cup-form, very double 
and quite sweet scented. La Reine, one of the 
most superb of the group, flowers of the largest 
size, colour rosy lilac, perfect cup or bowl form, 
a strong grower, fragrant. Madam Dememe is of a 
rich rose colour, very large, flower cup-form, quite 
fragrant, a strong grower, with very rich foliage. 
Marquise Boccella, quite a favourite, being a distinct 
dwarf variety, with pale silvery blush flowers, very 
double, blooming freely the whole season. Louis 
Bonaparte has immense rosy-lilac flowers, fully dou- 
ble, always perfect, growing with great luxuriance, 
and makes a splendid plant. Madam Laffay has 
large, double, exquisitely formed flowers of a rich 
rosy-crimson colour, with the delightful fragrance of 
the Cabbage Rose. It originated with Monsieur 
Laffay, a celebrated rose-grower near "Paris, who ded- 
icated it to his wife. Madam Lamoriciere^ bright 
waxy-pink, cupped flower, a very beautiful new vari- 
ety. Madam Peupin^ delicate pink colour, very 
double ; the backs of the petals are blush, which 
when opening gives it a very distinctive character. 
Joasine Hauet, a bright rosy red, flowers in clusters, 
very profuse during the early part of the season, of free 



ROSES THAT BLOOxM THE WHOLE SEASOxX. 153 

growth, quite fragrant. Marechal Soult is another 
charming variety, of a bright rosy-purple colour, very 
double, imbricated, and fragrant. Marquis of Ailsa^ 
rich rosy-crimson, full flower, and a strong grower. 
Melanie Cornu^ deep crimson, fully double, a free 
bloomer in the early part of the season. Mistress 
Elliott, large rosy-lilac, blooming freely, and grow- 
ing vigorously. Pius the Amth, bright crimi^on, 
fully imbricated -, a very abundant bloomer ; as yet 
scarce; quite fragrant. Pompon de Ste. RadogonJe, 
bright rosy-violet colour; flower under. medium size ; 
plant of dwarf habit. Prince of Wales, rosy-lilac, in 
large clusters, growing freely, a good bloomer. Prin- 
cesse Helene, a beautiful deep rosy-red globular flower, 
possessing an agreeable fragrance, and blooms freely. 
Prince Alberts magnificent rich crimson flowers are 
very grand, being of the most perfect cup-form, incli- 
ning to globular ; it grows strongly, and is very fra- 
grant. Peine des Fleurs, large rosy-lilac flower, very 
double, shading paler to the extremity of the petals ; 
plant of good growth. Peine de la Guillotiere, bright 
rosy-violet, a very decided variety, of a fine cupped 
shape, fragrant and blooming in noble clusters. Ri- 
vers has large flowers, in clusters, of brilliant crimson 
inclining to scarlet; very fragrant, and a great fa- 
vourite. Robin Hood, bright cherry-red, globular, 
very double, a free bloomer ; plant of medium growth. 



154 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

Standard of Marengo^ very rich deep velvety-crimson, 
quite a showy flower of medium size. Sydonie, rich 
rosy-pmk, fading to the extremity of the petals ; 
plant of dense foliage. Youlande d''Arragon^ pale 
rosy-blush, very distinct, quite desirable in the family 
among so many of a uniform rosy-red colour ; it 
blooms profusely, makes shoots four to six feet long, 
and will form a fine pillar plant. These varieties 
have all flowered under our observation, and are great 
acquisitions to the lover of the rose. From these de- 
scriptions, it will be observed that this group is yet 
deficient in flowers of a pale or white colour, which 
for the present is certainly a defect. Blanche was 
sent to us by Vibert as a white variety of this class, 
which we found on its culture to belong to the Per- 
petuals 5 so that we are yet without a white flower in 
this very interesting division of the rose. With the 
great facilities for propagating, and the many hands 
applied to it, no rose can be, for any length of time, 
a rarit}^ about Philadelphia. But no doubt there will 
be many discrepancies when tested by an eye that 
gives merit precedence over rarity. 

This very magnificent class of the rose family can- 
not be too extensively cultivated ; many of them are 
free bloomers ; but to have them in full perfection, 
they should be deprived of a great portion of their 
first bloominor buds, and have a few of their shoots 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 155 

cut back. Indeed, the principal part of their first 
buds can easily be dispensed with ; for it is then the 
rosy season ; the great aim of the fancier and cultiva- 
tor is to extend that season, which, with the above 
sacrifice, is at once accomplished. Tlese plants, 
whose luxuriance and immense flowers have been the 
result of hybridizing and exciting culture, deserve all 
care that can be bestowed upon them. Every encour- 
agement must be given to promote the growth ot the 
plant, which is best dohe in the winter season, by 
composts and manures, or in the summer by rich wat- 
erings ; these waterings should not be given oftener 
than once a week. As these roses are yet quite scarce 
on their own roots, we have introduced a standard 
rose, at page 86, to show their beauty and the effect 
they have. When trained in that way they are gems 
in the parterre — regular nosegays elevated to a con- 
venient distance to enjoy all their beauty and frag- 
rance. When there are mossy, yellow, and striped 
roses in this family, rose culture will have approached 
its climax. 



156 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



PERPETUAL DAMASK ROSES. 

Twenty-five years ago, this division of the Ttose 
was known only to a very limited extent, not going 
beyond the old Monthly Damask and the Portland — 
the types of the group, which in that short period 
have become so extensive, and varied in colour and 
character, that the parentage of many is difficult to 
point out. But unfortunately there are those that 
pass for perpetual^ which, Avith all our art, we cannot 
cause to produce even a second blooming in the sea- 
son, except by demolishing all the buds they form in 
June to make them flower in September. Alan}' of 
them have another feature of obstinacy, and this is, 
that in rooting by layers, they nearly all ti.ke two 
years to form rootlets ; we have, in consequence, 
either to graft or bud them on other roses at any 
desired height. Several of them were brought into 
notice before the famous Bourbon Roses, and were 
looked upon as the ne plus ultra of the Kosary. The 
perfection and beauty of many of their flowers can- 
not be denied, and their stiflness of habit is not 
unpleasant when properh' placed. The best form 
to grow them is on standards, from six inches to 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 157 

four feet high. They are perfectly hardy in all lati- 
tudes where the Damask Eose will grow. In bleak 
situations, where the thermometer falls frequently be- 
low zero, the stems are greatly benefitted by a cover- 
ing of straw or matting. The rods that support 
standards should be put on the south side of the plant ; 
the strong sun is thereby warded off the stem, which 
is beneficial, both in summer and winter. What we 
have said in regard to the rich culture required for 
Remontante roses is equally applicable to the Per- 
petual. 

Among the many, we have selected those that are 
most distinct, and such as have the greatest tendency 
to give a succession of bloom. Antigone^ bright rose, 
very perfect ; a profuse and constant bloomer ; quite 
fragrant. Blanche Vibert, pure white, imbricated and 
fully double, a constant bloomer; plant subject to 
mildew in cloudy weather. Antinous^ whose deep 
purple-crimson flowers remind us of some of our old 
Gallica roses ; it is quite double, perfect, and fragrant. 
Bernard, or Perpetual Pompo?ie, is a lovely pink rose, 
of exquisite form, all the petals being like so many 
beautiful shells neatly put together ; it is very similar 
to Josephine Antoinette, but they are distinct. Billiard 
is larger than the former, and more of the rose colour, 
perfectly double, fragrant, a profuse bloomer. D'' An- 
gers, though an old variety, still retains its character 
H 



158 EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

- =^ ~ ■ ' -- — J 

of a constant bloomer, with large flowers of a pale 
rose colour. Duchesse de Rohan, bright rose, flower 
very large, compact, and double. Due cVEnghien 
proves very desirable, being distinct both in its pale 
fleshy colour, and in its character of growth, and a 
free bloomer. Du Roi, or Lees Crimson ; it is about 
thirty years since this famous rose was grown Irom 
seed in the gardens of one of the royal palaces near 
Paris, remaining comparatively obscure, and was con- 
sidered a rare article in England in 1831, where I 
first saw it grov/ing, carefully surrounded with rods to 
keep its admirers at a distance. In 1832 or 1833, I 
imported it as ihe gem of the day, and it is still ad- 
mitted to be the King of Perpetuals, blooming pro- 
fusely and perfectly from June till Christmas ; the 
colour is bright red, (not crimson,) a perfectly formed 
flower, with all the fragrance of the Damask Kcse ; 
and without any extra pruning, never fails to bloom 
the whole season, — richly deserving a place in every 
garden. Du Rot Stride or Striped Crimson Perpet- 
ual, is of a dark rose colour, with occasional faint 
stripes of blush, a full and perfect flower, but not a 
constant bloomer. Elene is the darkest of the per- 
petuals, of a tine violet colour, ••' la plus foncee de 
I'espe^e'' — " the daikest of the kind." This 25 franc 
plant is not so dark, so fine, nor so profuse as Pri?ic'e 
Albert, w^hich costs only 50 cents. Indigo; this 



Roses that bloom the whole season. 159 

name is intended by the grower (Laffay), to convey 
the required colour. He has sent out to the rose 
world many very magnificent sorts, and not a few 
very indifferent, even worthless varieties. This indigo 
affair has half double flowers of a dull slaty colour, 
not worth culture, having no attraction whatever. 
Isaure Lablte gives a beautiful succession of perfectly 
delicate pink flowers, very fragrant. Jeanne Hachette^ 
if not the most constant, is the largest rose of the 
group. I have measured it six inches in diameter, 
very double, fragrant, of a pale rose colour, and is a 
strong grower. Jenny Audio does well on its own 
roots, making a perfect dwarf, with very large flowers 
of a dark rose colour ; but when budded it grows 
much stronger. Jostphine Antoinette is a free bloom- 
er, with flowers of the most perfect form, of a rosy 
pink colour, and delightfully fragrant. Lady Sey- 
tnour is a new variety, occasionally spotted with 
blush, on a bright rose ground ; quite fragrant, and of 
a perfect form. La Gigantesque^ rosy pink, an ex- 
tremely large full flower ; plant of good growth, very 
fragrant. La Gr'acieuse, or Volumineuse^ is very dis- 
tinctive in flower and growth ; is quite thorny, and 
grows freely ; the flowers are perfectly double of a 
pale rose colour. La Mienne, or Gloire des Perpet- 
uelles, is a free bloomer throughout the season, with 
red flowers, of exquisite form, and very sweet scented. 



J 60 HOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

Queen of Perpetuals deserves its name; its flowers 
open finely, of a pale rose colour, blooming freely all 
the season, holding its place with Du Roi in every 
character. Lodoiska Marin has been long esteemed 
for its profusion of large pale flowers, blooming h^Q- 
l}'-, quite double, and in clusters, showing well in the 
distance. Louise Puget^ pale rosy lilac, an excellent 
grower, giving a profusion of bloom, very fragrant, 
cup-shaped. Minerva, [pale rose colour, very large 
flower, with beautiful cupped petals, quite sweet scen- 
ted. Mogador is a very dark crimson variety, fre- 
quently shaded with purple, flowers finely rounded, of 
cup-form. Menstrualis, a very brilliant rose-coloured 
variety, with expanded perfectly double flower, of 
strong growth, and upright habit. Madam Trudeaux 
(Boll), an American sort of a dark violet purple 
shade, large imbricated flowers produced in profusion, 
and giving a fine autumnal bloom. Monstrueuse, or 
Gra?ide Belle, at first sight would be taken for Jeanne 
Hachette, but it is darker in colour, and is not so large 
as that variety ; it is also a strong grower, and will 
train into any form as a standard. Olivier de Serres, 
centre of the flower bright rose, circumference pale 
blush, very beautiful and perfect ; foliage luxuriant. 
Palmire, or Blush Perpetual, is still esteemed as a 
free bloomer, and the colour is very desirable in this 
class, which is very deficient in light colours. Port- 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. ]61 

land Blanc^ however, is pure white, a rose of large 
size, perfect in form, quite fragrant, and a good grow- 
er ; it is yet scarce, but a few seasons will make it 
nearly as plentiful as any other variety. Prtval is of 
a pale flesh colour, cup-shaped, very perfect, a profuse 
bloomer, fragrant and highly esteemed. Prudhomme 
has been always a favourite for its brilliancy and fra- 
grance, giving a succession of flowers of perfect form. 
No good tStriped Perpetual Rose has yet appeared. 
Quatre Saisons, or Monthly Damask^ has been long an 
inhabitant of our gardens, where, when established, 
and well nourished, it gives a great profusion of its 
delicate pink flowers, in clusters, the whole season. 
Its fragrance, also, is so agreeable, that it makes it a 
great favourite with all. The Quatre Saisons Blanc, 
or White Monthly Damask, is not so constant a bloom- 
er as the former, rarely putting forth a succession of 
flowers, unless in very rich light soil. The Perpetual 
White Moss has already been noticed, but we may 
here say that it is a " Sport," as florists term it, from 
the White or Pink Monthly Damask; plants of it 
having been known to assume the habit of those va- 
rieties. Requien is a very distinct rose, the flowers 
expanding large and flat, very double, of a pale flesh 
colour, with very strong foliage and habit. Sa.pho, 
pale blush, a very double imbricated flower, quite 
fi-agrant ; plant of a spreading habit. Scotch Perpet- 



162 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

ual does not bloom so constantly as we might expect 
from the name ; yet it gives occasional clusters of 
flowers of nearly a white colour, during the summer 
months ; its foliage, too, is very distinct from any of 
those named j it has more of the brier character, and 
is very similar in growth to the old Scotch Rose. 
Stanwell is an English variety ; a true Perpetual, 
blooming profusely and constantly the whole summer, 
till late in the season. Its habit is also like a Scotch 
Rose, with large double pale blush flowers of exquisite 
fragrance. 

It will be observed that this family, like the Bour- 
bons and Remontantes, does not contain a genuine 
striped variety, so that the hybridizer and amateur 
have yet a large and new field open to their opera- 
tions. We would suggest that Rose du Roi Striee 
and Blanche Vibert, together with Du Roi and the 
White Monthly Damask be fertilized j these seed 
abundantly, and with the culture we have recom- 
mended, the seedlings will bloom in three years. 
Some have advanced that the finest roses from seed 
are always the longest in flowering; when there is 
any tardiness observed, a few buds can be put into 
stocks, which will hasten their inflorescence. 



KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 163 



ROSA MiCROPHYLLA, 

OR SMALL LEAVED ROSE. 

There is nothing in the whole family that we have 
been engaged upon, so distinctive in flower and 
character as this group. The plants of the true 
Microphylla Rose are very beautiful; when in foliage, 
their small pinnated leaves are so unlike any other 
plant (except perhaps a Locust tree in miniature) 
that they are both interesting and agreeable. It has 
been known twenty-five years in Europe, having 
been brought from China, and supposed by some to 
have originated in that country from the old Macart- 
ney Rose. I consider it, however, a distinct species, 
in every particular, and this can be proved by any of 
my readers who may be fortunate enough to save seed 
from it. The produce (if not intermixed with others) 
will be pure Microphylla roses, retaining the character 
of foliage, spiny calyx, with single, half double, and 
perfectly double flowers, nearly all of a dark rose 
colour. The first of this rose, as we believe, was 
imported by us in 1830, and it is now extensively 
cultivated in every section of the country. Recent 
importations, denominated Microphylla^ can barely 



1G4 KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

be recognized as such. The popularity of the old 
variety has given circulation to many of the inferior 
new ones, which, after having been seen in bloom, 
are "frequently thrown aside as worthless. They are 
generally hardy, in dry soils giving a succession of 
flowers throughout the season. They are adapted for 
ti-aining against fences, or low out-buildings, or they 
may be formed into handsome bushes of any shape ; 
•but a hedge of them is the beau ideal of the flower 
garden, which all may enjoy in any latitude south of 
this. The following sorts are worthy of all requisite 
culture, and will grow freely in any rich soil, avoiding 
low wet situations. Carnea or Rosea, is the old variety 
known as the Microphylla Rose; its character is 
unique, with small neat dark green foliage. The 
flowers are large and very double, of a rose colour, 
produced at the extremity of the young shoots, in 
twos or threes, according to the strength of the plant ; 
the calyx (the green cup round the base of the flower) 
is thick and prickly; hence it is called the "Burr 
Kose." Coccinea, and the beautiful dark variet}^ Ru- 
bra, are in every particular the same, except the 
latter being darker in colour. J^ew White Micro- 
phylla would be a very desirable variety, but the pre- 
sent subject is only a pale blush and very mediocre 
at that ; foliage similar to the old microphylla. Rubra 
Variegata does not merit the variegated distinction; 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 165 

the circumference of the flower is merely shaded. 
These all have the peculiar prickly flower bud. P?/r- 
purea is of a purple-crimson colour, very large, with 
the growth and habit of all the former, except the 
calyx being destitute of the prickles so characteristic 
in the others. Violacea has also a smooth catyx; the 
flowers of a violet-purple colour, quite double. The 
plant is of upright growth, and quite luxuriant. The 
following varieties are all hybridized with other sorts, 
and do not form handsome plants for bushes or stand- 
ai-ds, but are well adapted for training to poles, co- 
lumns, or trellising. j7Iba Odorata or the Double 
IVhite MicrophyUa^ grows very luxuriantly, frequently 
makino; shoots eight or {qh feet lono; in one season ; 
and in warm soils, where the season extends from 
March to December, they will no doubt grow twent}^ 
feet. The flowers are very large and double, of a 
yellowish-white, very fragrant, and look beautiful 
among the dark green foliage; as a white climbing 
Rose for pillars, verandas and arbours, it has no 
equal, and should have an appropriate spot in every 
garden or cemetery. Hyhrida is also a strong grower, 
with double flowers of a rosy purple colour. Luxem- 
bourg appears to be a hybrid from some of the 
Noisettes, of whose character it greatly partakes ; 
the floweis are in clusters of a dull purple, very 
double, and a little fragrant. Maria Leonide has 



163 ROSES THAT BLOOH THE WHOLE SEASON. 

? r- - . _ rs 

rr.uch of the Macartney Rose habit; the foliage nearly- 
round, quite dark green and shining, with a tinge of 
red on the young wood ; the flowers are sweet scented, 
of a creamy-white colour, v/ith a delicate blush centre. 
There are several others classed among these, Y/hicb, 
as Jar as known to us, are either entirely worthless* 
or are so like those described, that it is questioned 
whether they are not the same ; this is not surprising, 
for we have grown many of them from seeds, and all 
were either entirely single, or so much like the parent, 
that they could not be distinguished from it; with the 
exception of Rubra and Purpurea, which have origi- 
nated with us. A pure white, bright scarlet, yellow, 
or striped variety, would be a great acquisition. We 
would therefore urge upon cultivators and amateurs 
the propriety of sowing every seed, never despairing 
of the results till the object is accomplished. Lovers 
of the rose in the more northern states will find tliis 
family entirely too tender for out-door culture, unless 
surrounded with a quantity of dry leaves. They will 
not prosper if lifted every year from the ground and 
put away, as directed for Tea and Bengal Roses; but 
where ^a green-house, or even dry cellarage, is accessi- 
ble, they will grow magnificently in large pots and 
tubs, making a superb ornamental plant for placing 
in summer in any conspicuous situation. 



ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 167 



ROSA MOSCH A.TA. 



THE MUSK SCENTED ROSE. 



The Musk Cluster rose is an old inhabitant of our 
gardens. Botanists consider it a distinct species, and 
have named it from the peculiar and agreeable odour 
it exhales in the evening, and in the cool autumnal 
months, which is the season that it flowers most abun- 
dantly, in large clusters, of a yellowish-white colour. 
There are single, semi-double and fully double varie- 
ties of it J the latter is the variety generally cultivated. 
It is a native of India, from whence it was introduced. 
From the seed of this plant the grand family of the 
Noisettes originated. Though it is more delicate than 
the generality of those plants, yet the same system ol 
treatment recommended for them may be adopted 
with the Musk Clusters. We have^ had several roses 
introduced to our notice, under the head of Musk 
Scented^ but they have nearly all proved worthless — 
mere "cumberers of the ground." However, a few 
deserve a passing remark before we close our descrip- 
tions of the rose. Herhemont'' s Musk Cluster^ pure 
white, very large, fully double, blooming the whole 
season in large clusters and in great profusion, one of 



168 EOSES THAT BLOOJI THE WHOLE SEASON. 

the very best of the group. Pink Musk Cluster has 
flowers of a pale pink colour, quite double, though the 
petals are rather loose ; the plant grows very strong, 
and partakes greatly of the Noisettes. Prmcesse de 
JS^assau is a pure Musk Eose, of a yellowish-white 
colour, very double, though not so profuse as some 
others. Ranuncuhis Musk Cluster is a pure white, 
perfectly double; so very much so, that it does not 
open well in moist weather; the musky odour is not 
so strong in this as in the old variety. Rivers Musk 
Cluster, flowers small in clusters, of a rosy white 
colour, very fragrant, foliage pale green, plant of 
rather free growth. They do well to be trained to 
pillars, fences, or trellises. In the eastern states 
they must be well protected in the winter season, 
covering their roots with a quantity of dry leaves. 
They delight in dry situations and rich soil. There 
is great room for improvement in this group, and we 
call the attention of cultivators and amateurs to it, 
that they may yet bring to view flowers of more per- 
fect character and of more brilliant colours than any 
of the preceding, and even possessing, in a greater 
degree, the odour which appertains to the original 
species. It is true we have the Pink Musk Cluster, 
Red Musk Cluster, Frazerii, and some others, but as 
we have already said, they are worthless. 



CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS. 169 



CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS 

FOR THE GREEN-HOUSE OR ROOMS. 

A SELECTION, for this purpose, should be made from 
the Tea, Bengal, and Bourbon families, all on their 
own roots, or budded very low. Presuming that 
these roses are already in pots, or to be procured 
from the nurserymen in the small* pot they are 
generall}'' grown in for sale, they should at once be 
placed into those of six inches in diameter, carefully 
and freely watered, during July and August, cutting 
off all the flower buds they show in the latter month. 
About the middle of September, shorten the over- 
grown shoots, and thin out the slender ones, turn the 
plants out of the pots, depriving them of some of the 
soil, and repot in those of seven inches diameter, 
using a compost of sand, turfy loam, and manure 
in equal proportions ; they will also grow admirably 
in the black soil, from the woods, composed princi- 
pally of decayed leaves ,• put several pieces of broken 

* The plants for winter blooming should be ordered from 
the venders of an extra size ; the very small plants sold at 
low prices would defeat the object. 

15 



170 CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS. 

crockery in the bottom of the pot, then a portion of 
soil; place the plant so that its surface roots should 
be under the rim of the pot, and then fill all round 
with the soil; put them in a situation partialJy 
shaded, — water sparingly, till they begin to grow — 
then expose them fully to the sun and water freely 
every day. There they may remain till the middle 
or end of October, and in the south till November, 
when they should be removed to the green-house or 
rooms, for flowering. Previous to their removal, the 
pots should be washed, and the plants neatly tied up. 
Thus treated they will mature all the buds they will 
then show, and produce a profusion of flowers again 
in January and February. Where there is the con- 
venience of charcoal, it will be found of prime utility 
in rose pot-culture, broken to the size of nuts and 
about one-fifth mixed with the soil; the roots will 
delight to ramble through it, and the foliage will be 
of a richer and darker green ; the surface of the soil 
must have frequent stirrings. The plants must be 
carefully examined, and when-ever infested by the 
aphis, or green-fly, they should be destroyed, if in 
the green-house, by tobacco smoke. But, if in rooms, 
that method cannot be well adopted, for the odour 
would penetrate into every part of the dwelling. 
They should in that case be brushed off into a pail 
of water; or the safest plan will be to make a strono: 



CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS. 171 

tea of tobacco, fill a pail with it, and while in a tepid 
state invert the plant therein, holding the hand or a 
cloth over the surface of the pot to prevent the earth 
from tumbling out. Roses in pots are wonderfully 
benefited by a watering of manure water about once 
in two weeks. This water is very easily prepared 
either in town or country. The droppings from the 
horse or cow stable put into a large tub or barrel, 
with water kept over it for a week or two, occasion- 
ally stirred up; the water then poured or drawn off 
for use about the colour of good tea ; or one quart of 
PouDRETTE, put iuto three gallons of water — stir it a 
few times, — in two days it will be fit for use. A new 
species of manure from the Islands of the Pacific, 
called Guano, the deposit of sea-fowls that has accu- 
mulated for centuries, is very valuable for making 
liquid manure. A pound, in five gallons of water, 
allowed to stand at least twenty-four hours before 
using, will be found very nourishing, applied once a 
week only when the plants are in a growing state. 
When required for the open ground, any of these 
liquids may be made stronger, or used more frequently. 



172 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ROSE. 



INSECTS INJUmOL^S TO THE ROSE. 

There are several very destructive, and in some 
seasons their depredations almost overpower the ope- 
rator. In the eastern states, the Slug nearly destroys 
every leaf. A remedy against its ravages, brought 
into notice by Mr. Haggerston, late gardener of J. P. 
Gushing, Esq., is to take two pounds of whale oil 
soap, dissolved in fifteen gallons of water, and to 
syringe the plants therewith in the evenings till 
the insects are destroyed. The plants must also be 
syringed with clean water in the mornings, or the 
cure would be almost as destructive and offensive 
as the disease. After the plants are clean, stir up 
the soil to refresh it from the effects of the waterings. 
Green-fiy is easily destroyed by tobacco water, applied 
with the syringe in the evening, and again with pure 
water in the morning. This insect is most trouble- 
some in city gar-dens, where the birds cannot feed 
upon it. 

Brown's Fumigator is a very simple portable instru- 
ment for the distruction of this pest, so prevalent 
amongst roses ; the whole force can be brought to bear 
upon any plant in any situation by covering the plant 



IxXSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ROSE. 17 3 

with a sheetj if against a fence, or when fully ex- 
posed, all round j place a covering over it in the 
form of a tent, then introduce the nozzle under the 
covering, and by a simple turn of a handle, the 
tobacco smoke is delivered cool in a dense mass, an 
with the greatest safety in the hands of any operator. 
The implement is also indispensible in fumigating 
green-houses, wardrobes, ships, or dwellings during 
epidemic diseases. It can be used as well for purpo- 
ses of perfuming with lavender, cinnamon, or other 
aromatic herbs. The Rose Bug is another very de- 
trusctive enemy, which can only be kept under by 
handpicking; they are found upon the flowers as soon 
as open. There is also the worm that destroys the 
bud before it opens. We seldom observe this in the 
country, but in some seasons it abounds in the city 
or town gardens, and must be extirpated by the hand. 
There is yet another j a fly in the early part of 
June, deposits its Q^g near the surface of the ground, 
into a strong young shoot, and is not discovered till 
July or August, when we see its effects from the 
dropping of the top of the young shoot. As soon 
as this is noticed, cut off about twelve inches of it, 
and the little grub will be found in its centre, which 
if allowed to remain will come out under a leaf, near 
the top, drop into the ground, and live again to renew 
its depredations the following season. 
15* 



174 MILDEW ON THE ROSE. 



MILDEW ON THE ROSE. 

Under artificial culture, this disease is frequently 
observed, or, as some writers term it, the effects of 
the disease ; very few agree as to its origin or character. 
From our observation it appears to be most common 
v/here extremes of temperature prevail; even in the 
open air this is plainly seen; in July or August, we 
occasionally have a few cold nights, succeeded by 
rain and warm weather, and as certainly as that kind 
of weather occurs, as certainly does the mildew follow. 
It is rarely seen in our collection of roses, few of 
which are kept in high temperatures, and when it 
appears, a few syringings of sulphur water are ap- 
plied, which destroys it. We prepare sulphur water, 
by placing in a small barrel a piece of unslaked 
lime, about the size of a double fist, with five or six 
pounds of flowers of sulphur, on which we pour a 
few gallons of boiling water, covering it up for an 
hour, when we stir it, till the whole of the sulphur 
has fallen to the bottom. After settling, we pour off 
the water for use, putting about a quart of it to the 
gallon for syringing. A recent writer says, he uses 
one ounce of nitre to* one gallon of water, with which 
he syringes the plants once in ten days, and finds it 
an effectual cure. 



PKOPAGATION OF RCSES 175 



PROPAGATION OF ROSES 

THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

These may be propagated by budding, grafti-ng or 
layering as directed for roses that bloom in June ; as 
we have before said, the latter method is preferable, 
and makes very permanent plants. They are also 
extensively propagated by cuttings, which is the plan 
that now calls for our special notice. There are two 
periods of the season, June and September, in which 
this mode can be adopted extensively and successfully, 
with the families of Bengal, Tea, Noisette, Bourbon, 
and Remontantes Roses; (Perpetual succeed best by 
budding.) in May or June, as soon as the young 
shoots have shed their first flowers, they will be in a 
proper state for use. The cuttings may be made from 
two to four inches long, having at least three joints or 
buds, from the lower end of which cut off the leaf 
and smooth the bottom end, with a sharp knife, direct- 
ly under an eye, leaving the other leaves untouched ; 
the cuttings may then be inserted about one and a half 
or two inches into very sandy soil, either in pots or 
in the ground ; if in a frame, so much the better. 
Shade them from the sun during the day, and give 
them gentle sprinklings of water. They must also be 



176 THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



protected from heavy drying winds, and fully exposed 
to the dews of the night, which are very genial to 
them. In about three or four weeks they will be 
rooted, and may either remain where planted till au- 
tumn, or be at once transplanted into pots, and placed 
in the. shade till they have taken fresh root. These 
cuttings will make fine plants for the next season, 
auvl by extra culture may be made fine plants for 
blooming in the green-house during winter. Cuttings 
taken off in September, and planted in a very shaded 
situation, will be well rooted in the following spring, 
and may then be transplanted into any part of the 
garden. The latter period will be the best for all the 
southern states, and the former for the eastern states. 
Indeed cuttings can be taken oif and ma}^ be propa- 
gated successfully, at any period of the season, when 
the plant has just ceased to bloom, which Is the grand 
criterion for propagating the rose. In some soils of a 
close sandy nature, all that is required is merely to 
put in a small piece of a shoot, in moist cloudy weath- 
er, where it is shaded from the direct rays of the sun, 
and it will root in a few weeks without any other care. 
Where there is the convenience of a forcing house, 
or hot-bed of manure, there is another period of the 
season when the rose may be extensively propagated, 
which is practised to a very great extent by nursery- 
men who commence forcing roses in February." As 



PROPAGATION OF KOSES 177 

soon as they show bloom the shoots are cut into cut- 
tings of two eyes each, and planted into very small 
pots, of very sandy soil ; these are placed into a close 
warm hot-house, or hot-bed, in a moist temperature of 
70"^ to 80°, where they will root in from two to three 
weeks, and are frequently sold within six weeks from 
the time they were planted. The very scientilic 
have resorted to another mode of multiplying, which, 
with many sorts, makes strong plants in a very short 
time. They take the roots of common roses, that are 
about the size of a small quill, and cut them into 
lengths of two or three inches, whereon they graft a 
single eye from the young wood, (by the method of 
whip grafting,) plaut them into pots, which they 
place into a close hot-bed or house, as above stated, 
w^here they grow instantly, frequently making a fresh 
gi'owth within two weeks from the time of planting. 
Single eyes are also planted up to the base of the 
leaf, partially covering the eye, in pots of fine sand, 
subjecting them to the same hot-bed treatment ; these 
also root freely, but take some time before they make 
strong plants. When these tender cuttings are made, 
they must be carefully shided from the sun, and 
must be sprinkled with tepid water every even- 
ing. When they have made a fresh growth they 
should be removed to another frame or house, with 
gentle heat, and h;ive air every day to harden them j 



178 THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 

in a week or two they will be fit for larger pots, to 
grow therein all the summer, or planted into the open 
ground in May. 

Amidst the lovely creation of the floral world, none 
combines so many attractions as the Rose, and we hope 
that our simple remarks on its propagation will enable 
all, who may desire it, to increase any part of the 
family they happen to possess. If tried once, and 
successfully, the experiment will, no doubt, be renew- 
ed, and an innocent pride indulged in increasing the 
pov/er of ministering ta one's own taste, or of grati- 
fying that of a friend. Many suffer a latent predi- 
lection for these fascinating pursuits to die awa}^, from 
the idea of not possessing the skill requisite for culti- 
vating plants; others think of the expense they would 
be led into by an unwarrantable indulgence. If the 
more fortunate or more skilful amateur knows *of 
such persons, hef will greatly promote both their men- 
tal and bodily welfare, by presenting them with a few 
plants of easiest culture, to prove lo them how easy 
it is, not only to nurture, but to multiply their sources 
of pleasure, as healthful as it is innocent. If any of 
our readers have a spark of this taste within them, we 
say, cherish it as you would cherish di friend. To the 
ladies especially, a love of floriculture brings with it, 
in every period of life, a train of pure enjoyments. 
Whilst the city belle blushes her delight at the sight 



PROPAGATION OF ROSES 179 

of the magnificent bouquet destined to grace her fair 
hand in the haunts of pleasure — the face of the coun- 
try maiden glows with still purer satisfaction as she 
presents to a parent the rose which her own care has 
brought to perfection. And the mother! — how many 
lessons of wisdom can she impart to her children 
whilst instilling into their yuung minds the love of 
this healthful pursuit, and teaching them to look up 
from the wonders spread around them, to Him who 
gave the rose its hue. To the time-stricken matron 
also, even after age has deprived her of the active 
enjoyments of this taste, many pleasures still remain; 
under the shade of some far spreading tree, she can, 
from her rustic seat, enjoy the sight of well planned 
arrangements, executed under her own superinten- 
dence, or surrounded by some favourite plants, inhale 
the fragrance which comes to her blended with sweet 
recollections of the pleasing toils which insured their 
present luxuriance. But it is to those w^ho have 
known sorrow and affliction (and who has not 1) that 
the love of (lowers and gardening comes like a boon 
from heaven, to shed its soothing influence upon the 
heart. In showerii'g upon this earth such profusion 
of blossoms of every odour, God has permitted us to 
bask, as it were, in his visible smiles, and every 
Christian will love him better for loving the glowing 
proof of that goodness which disdains not to rninister 



ISO THAT BLOOM THE 'WHOLE SEASON. 

to every innocent pleasure of his creature man. We 
feel we have perhaps digressed too far, but every 
lover of horticulture will understand how we have 
been led away 5 and to others we can only repeat, 
*' Try to love flowers — learn to cultivate them ; — it 
will make you happier, it will make you belter. 



INDEX. 



63. 



Abbe Meillon, 90. 
Abricote, 108. 
Acidalie, ]37. 
Adelaide d'Orleans 
Admiral de Rigney 
Adam, 108. 
A Fleurs Blanches 
Africaine, 49. 
Aglae Loth, 121. 
Agrippina, 123. 
Aimee Vibert, 90. 
Alba, 21, 90, 133. 

Odorata, IG-J. 

Alice Leori, 45. 

Alzand, 90. 

Amadis, 14. 

Amourette, 137. 

Amourin, 49. 

Amenaide, 137. 

Anne Maria, 29. 

Antigone, 157. 

Amaena, 109. 

Amarantine, 137. 

Andre Thouin, 55. 

Angeliqiie Quetier, 43. 

Angle, 33. 

Anteros, 108. 

Antherose, 108. 

Antinous, 157. 

Anne Beluze, 137. 

Archduchesse Theresa Isabel, 

108. 
Archduke Charles, 121. 
Arethusa, 55. 



Armosa, 140. 

Arance de Navaro, 121. 

Aricie, 149. 

Arsione, 121. 

Arsenie, 121. 

Astrolabe, 26. 

Aubernon, 149. 

Augus ine Mouchelet, 149. 

Hersent, 126. 

Lelieur, 137. 



Aurora, 49, 117. 

Baltimore Belle, 28. 
Banksiana Alba, 19. 

Lutea. 19. 

Banksia Vif, 19. 
Barbot, 109. 
Baron de Stael, 49. 
Baronne Prevost, 149. 
Baronne Halley, 119. 
Blanche Lamouroux, 110. 

Vibert, 157'. 

Blanche, 154. 
Beauty Bouquet, 63. 

of Prairies, 28. 

Beau Carmin, 122. 
Becquet, 63. 
Belladonni, 61. 
Belle Africaine, 49. 

Amabile,'- 50. 

d'Esquerrnes, 91. 

de Florence, 122. 

de Monza, 122. 

Isidore, 122, 



16 



182 



INDKX, 



Belle Marie, Gl. 

Marguerite, 109. 

Marseillaise, 91. 

Parabere, 63. 

Rubine, 57. 

Ruineuse, 41. 

Theresa, C4. 

Beluze, 137. 

Belgic, 40. 

Bengal Triomphant, 128. 

Berleze, 55. 

Bernard, 157. 

Bicolor, 55. 

Bijou, 133. 

Billaird, 157. 

Bishop, 50. 

Blairii, 64. 

Black Tuscany, 53. 

Blanchefleur, 63. 

Blush Perpetual, 160. 

Blush Moss, 43. 

Boisnard, 122. 

Bon Ginneure, 64. 

Bouquet de Flore, 138. 

de Lisle, 55. 

Boule de Neige, 59. 
Boulogne, 91. 
Bougere, 109. 
Bourbon Moss, 46. 
Boutrand, 109. 
Brennus, 64. 
Buret, 109. 
Buffon, 50. 

Cabbage, 40. 
Caprice des Dames, 133. 
Camellia Rouge, 91, 104. 
Camelliaflora, 122. 
Cameleon, 122. 
Camaieu, 55. 
Cardinal Fesch, 138. 
Carmine Brilliant,* 50. 
Carmine Cluster, 96. 
Carmine d'Yebles, J 22. 
Carnea or Rosea, 164. 
Carassana, 96, 
Caroline, 109. 
Caroline de Sansal, 149. 



Cat el, 64. 
Celestial, 33. 
Celestial Sweet Brier, 33. 
Celiccl, 64. 
Celimene. 138. 
Cels, 122. 
Cesoiiie, 64. 
Charlemagne, 138. 
Champion, 50. 
Champneyana, 91. 
Champney's Pink Cluster, 91 
Charles Raybaud, 109. 

the Tenth, 91. 

Souchet, 138. 

Chatelaine, 64. 
Chardon Bleu, 50. 
Chilicothe multiflora, 29. 
Chloris, 92. 
Chrornatelle, 91. 

Clara Wendel, 92. 

Sylvain, 109. 

Claudia. 110. 
Clementine Duval, 149. 
Clifton Moss, 46. 
Cloth of Gold, 91. 
Coccinea, 164. 
Caslestis, 96. 
Comtesse Jaubert, 150. 

de Muirinais, 45. 

Comte de Nanteuil, 138. 

Coquette, 123. 

Comice de Seine et Marne, 

138. 
Comte d' Eu, 149. 

de Paris, 110, 150. 

de Rambuteau, 138. 



Comtesse Duchatel, 150. 

de Grillon, 92. 

Orloff, 92. 

Mole, 150. 

de Resseguire, 138. 



Conque de Venus, 92. 
Coquett de Meudon, 150. 
Cora L. Barton, 92, 97, 104. 
Coronation, 50. 
Cosimo Randolph!, 55. 
Coup d'Amour, 65. 
Coup d'Hebe, 95. 



INDEX. 



183 



Cramoisi Superieur, 123. 
Crested Provins, 41. 

Moss, 41. 

Cricks, 41. 



I Duchesne, 40. 
Du Luxembourg, 92. 
J Dumont de Courset, 139. 



Crimson or Damask Moss, 13.' Du Koi, L'38, IGO. 



HDupetit Thouars, 139. ,.— r'7^-«-^> 



Globe, 
Cymedor, 150. 



139. 



D'Angers, 157. 
D^Andigne, 65. 
Daily Rose, 124. 
Deuil du Due d'Orleans, 138. 
Delice de Flanders, (15. 
Delphine Gaudot, 111. 
Desprez d'Arcole, 94. 
Desgaces, 138. 
Devoniensis, 110. 
Docteur Arnal, 150. 
Dove Rose, 07. 
Doctor Roques, 139. 
Docteur Marx, 150. 
Dr. Marjolin, 150. 
Don Carlos, 123, 129. 
Donna Maria, 16. 

Sol, 56. 

Double Striped Sweet Brier, 
33. 

Red Sweet Brier, 33. 

Yellow Provins, 35 

Moss, 35. 

White HHip, 33 

Microphylla, 

165. 



Striped Moss, 45, 



Due d' Aumale, 150. 

de Cases, 65. 

de Choiseul, 50. 

d'Enghein, 158. 

d'Orleans, 111. 

Duchess of Kent, 123. 
Duchesse de Mecklenbourg, 
111. 

de Nemours, 150. 

d'Orleans, 40. 

de Praslin, 150. 

de Rohan, 158. 

de Sutherland, 150. 



Du Roi Striee, 
Dutch Provins, 
D^Yebles, 139. 



158 
40. 






Ebene, 158. 
Eclat des Roses, 50. 
Edouard Jesse, 151. 
Edward Defosse, 139. 
Egerie, 65. 
Elegans, 26, 29. 
Eliza Sauvage, 111. 

50. 

Leker, 50. 

Elemensie, 50. 

Emlie Courtier, 139. 

Emeline, 65. 

Emma Dampiere, 151. 

Enfant d'Ajaccio, 139. 

Etienne, 111. 

Etna, 123.- 

Eugene Beauharnais, 127. 

Pirolle, 93. 

Hardy, 123. 



Euphrosine, 93. 
Eva Corinne, 29. 
Evergreen Multiflora, 



18. 



Fabvier, 66, 123. 

Fanny Bais, 51. 

Fanny Parissot, 51. 

Fedora, 139. 

Ferrugineuse, 44. 

Felicite Perpetuelle, 16. 

Fellenberg, 93, 104. 

Fidouline, 151. 

Flavescens, 111. 

Fleur de Jeune Age or Lavtur 

que a Cce.ur Kose, 93. 
Fleurette, 66. 
Flora Perfecta, 69. 
Floralie, 112. 
Fortunes Yellow, 25. 



184 



INDEX. 



Fontenelle, 55, 

Frazerii, 168. 

Fragoletta, 112 

French Yellow Noisette, 94. 

Fulgens, 65. 

Fulgorie, 151. 

Garland, 24. 

Geant des Batailles, 151 

General Cavaignac, 151. 

Dubourg, 139. 

Dronat, 45. 

Lamarque, 69. 

Negrier, 151. 

— Oudinot, 140. 

Soyer, 123. 

George Cuvier, 140. 

the Fourth, 66. 

Georgia, 66. 

Giant of the Battle, 151. 
Gigantea, 123. 
Gigantesque, 112. 
Globe Hip, 59. 
Gloire, 133. 

de France, 143. 

Hardy, 112. 

des Jardines, 51. 

de Paris, 140. 

des Perpetuelles, 159. 

de Rosamene, L39, 140 



Henry Clay, Boll, 140. 

Plantier, 141. 

Herman Kegel, 45. 
Herbermont's Musk Cluster, 

107. 
Hercules, 51. 
Hermosa, 140. 
Hersilie, 55, 140. 
Hippolyte, 112. 
Hogg's Yellow, 36. 
Hortense Beauharnais, 51. 
Hortensia, 124. 
Hundred Leaved Daily, 125. 
Hybrida, 26, 165. 
Hybride de Bengal, 63. 

Noisette, 63. 

d'lle de Bourbon, 63. 



Hybrid Provins, 68. 
Hymenee, 1]2. 

Icterose, 125. 
Indica, 63, 124. 
alba, 124. 



Goubault, 112. 
Gracilis, 14. 
Grand Bercam, 41. 
Grande et Belle, 128. 
Grand Triomphe, 61. 
Grandiflora, 19, 96. 
Graulhie, 23. 
Grevillia, 21. 
Grillony, 66. 
Gros Charles, 123. 
Guilbert Slater, 151. 

Hamon, 112. 
Hardy, 112. 
Harrisonii, 36. 
Helvetius, 67. 
Hennequin, 140. 
Henri Fourth, 151. 



Indigo, 158, 
Imperial, 61. 
Inermis, 14. 
Isabel, 51, 108. 
Isaure Lablee, 159. 

Jane, 29. 

Jacques Lafitte, 151. 

Plantier, 125. 



Jacksonia, 125. 
Jaune Desprez, 93, 94. 
Jeanne Hachette, 56, 159. 

d' Arc, 94, 98. 

Jenny Audio, 159. 
Joasine Hanet, 152. 
Joseph Deschiens, 125. 
Josephine Antoinette, 159. 
Josephine Malton, 112. 
Julia, 94. 
Julia Dante, 94. 
Julie de Fontenelle, 141. 
Julianna, 51. 
Julia de Loynes, 94. 
Julie Mansais, 112. 
Jupiter, 141. 



INDEX. 



185 



King of Hybrids, 59, 68. 

Rome, 01. 

France, 126. 

La Biche, 95. 
Lactans, 95. 
La Cientiens, 125. 
Lady Canning, 141. 

Fordwich, 151. 

Peel, 152. 

Stuart, 67. 

Seynnour, 159. 

Warrender, 125, 129. 

Lavinie d'ost, 141. 
Leonie Verger, 151. 
La Favourite, 51. 
La Gigantesque, 141. 
Leonore d'Este, 151. 
La Folic de Corse, 61. 
La Gracieuse, 159. 
L'lngenue, 67. 
Lamarque, 95, 104. 

a ccEur Rose, 93. 

of Luxembourg, 66 

La Mienne, 159. 

La Miniature, 133. 

Landreth's Carmine, 96. 

La Nayade, 67. 

La Negresse, 52. 

La Nymphe, 95. 

Lanzezure, 64. 

La Pactole, 96. 

La Reine, 152. 

La Superba, 128. 

La Sylphide, 113. 

La Tourterelle, 67. 

Laure Davoust, 22. 

La Victorieuse, lOI. 

La Ville de Bruxelles, 61. 

L'Abbe Berleze, 55. 

Le Brun, 143. 

Leda, 61, 64. 

Lee, 96. 

Lee's Crimson Perpetual, 1 58. 

Le Grenadier, 141. 

La Phoenix, 141. 

Leveson Gower, 14!. 

Lodoiska Marin, 160. 



Lord Nelson, 67. 
Louise Colet, 44. 
Puget, IGO. 



Louis Bonaparte, 152. 
Philippe, 67,«125. 



Lutea, 97, 99. 
Luxembourg, 165. 

xMoss, 44. 



Lyonnais, 112. 

Macartney Rose, 163. 
Madame Aude, 142. 

Angelina, 141. 

Byrne, 97, 99. 

Breon, 126. 

Cottin, 52. 

d'Arblay, 24. 

Dememe, 152. 

Desprez, 113, 141. 

Galet, 113. 

Hardy, 59. 

Hersent, 126. 

Jovin, 97, 99. 

Lacharme, 142. 

Laffay, 152. 

Lamoriciere, 152. 

Margat, 145. 

Neumann, 143. 

Nerard, 142. 

Peupin, 152. 

Plantier, 67. 

Souchet, 142. 

Tradeaux, Boll, 160. 

Maheka, 14. 

Maid of Orleans, 52. 

Brussels, 52. 

Malvina, 44. 

Malesherbes, 56. 

Malton, 65, 67. 

Mansais, 113. 

Manteau, 142. 

de Jeanne d'Arc, 142. 



Marechal Bugeaud, 114. 

Soult, 153. 

de Villars, 143. 



Marquise Bocella, 152. 
of Aiisa, 153. 



Marceau, 56. 



180 



INDEX. 



Maria, 98. 
Leonida, 



16-3. 



Maijolin, 12G, 121». 
Master Burke, l^Ji. 
Matilda, 45, 52. 
Matliiide de Mondeville, 
Meillez, 12G, 12'.). 
Melame Cornu, 153^ 
Melsherba, 50. 
Melville, 114. 
Menstrualis, ICO. 
IMichigan. 14. 
Minos, 5(). 
Minerva, 160. 
Microphvlla, 163. 
Miss Befl, 126. 

Sergeant, 120. 

Mohilida, 52. 
Mogador, 160. 
Moire, 114. 
Mondor, 114. 
Monirae, 55. 
Monstrosa, 96. 
Monstrueuse, 160. 
Monthly Damask, 61, 161 

Cabbage, 143. 

Moss de Meaux, 45. 
Mottled Moss, 44. 
Mrs. Bosanquet, 142. 

Elliott, 153. 

Hovey, 29. 

Lane, 143. 

Pierce, 29. 

Siddons, 98. 

Multiflora, 21. 

Cels, 123. 

Myrianthes, 16^ 



61. 



Nadiska, 143. 

Napoleon, 112. 

Ne Plus Ultra, 67. 

New White Mycrophylla, 164. 

Narbonne, 52. 

Nevia, 29, 90. 

New Yellow Tea, 96. 

Nonpareil, 52. 

Niphetos, 114. 

Nisida, 111. 



CEillet Flamand, 56. 
I Odorata, 98, J 14. 
I Olivier de Serres, 160. 

Ophire, 98. 

Ornement de Parade, 52. 

Orlotf, 98. 
I Oscar Foulard, 44. 

Pceony Noisette, 128. 
Painted Damask, 61. 
Pallagi, 67. 
Pallida, 28. 
Palmire, 160. 
Panachee Pleine, 45, 56. 
Double, 57. 



Parni, 67. 

Pauline Plantier, 114. 
Paul Joseph, 143. 
Perpetual Michigan, 28. 

Red Moss, 45. 

White Moss, 46, 161. 

Pompon, 157. 

Pellonia, 115. 
Perle des Panachees, 56. 
166. Persian Yellow, 36. 
Petit Annie, 98. 

Pierre, 67. 

Phalo6, 98. 
Philippe Quatre, 52. 
Phillipar, 143. 
Philadelphica, 19. 

-Pierre de St. Cyre, 

Pictorium, 101. 

Pink Musk Cluster, 

Pius the Ninth, 153. 

Polivetis, 52. 

Pompon, 45, 133. 

Pompon de st . lladogonde, 153. 

Pompone, 98. 

Feu, 44. 

Ponceau Parfait, 51. 
Ponctuee, 44. 
Portland Blanc, 160. 
Poupre de Vienne, 52. 

Striee de Blunc, 56. 

Fafait, 144. 



143. 



168. 



Preval,-16l. 

Pretty American, 133. 



INDEX. 



LS7 



Pride of Washington, 20. 
Prince Albert, 153, 158. 

(le Cliiniay, 50. 

Charles, 12G. 

Eugene, 12(3. 

d' Esterhazy, 115. 

of Wales, 153. 

of Salem, 144. 

Princess, 67. 

Royal, 45. 

Princesse Clementine, 59. 

Helene Modeste, 115. 

Luxembourg, 

165. i 

de Nassau, 173. 

Maria, 115. 

Adelaide, 46, 115. 

Helene, 153. 

44, 51, 67. 



I'Rove du Bonheur, 115. 

Rcmond, ill. 

Renoncule Ponctuee, 57. 
' Requien, 161. 
I Rivers, 153. 
I- 



Prolifere_ 
Proserpine, 144. 
Provins Moss, 44. 
Prud-homme, 161. 
Purpurea, 14, 165. 

Quatre Saisons, mousseux, 46, 

161. 
Quatre Saisons, blanc, 161 
Queen of Bourbons, 144. 

Lombardy, 129. 

Violets, 52. 

France, 126. 

Perpetuals, 160. 



— Musk Cluster, 168. 
Robin Hood, 153. 
Roi des Cramoisis, 127,129. 

Beiges, 112. 

Roman, 116. 

Rose de I'lle de Bourbon, 125. 

of Five Colors, 127. 

vif Ponctuee, 51. 

Rouge, 44. 

de Luxembourg 

Rosa Mundi, 54. 
Royal Bouquet, 53. 
Ruban Pourpre, 127. 
Rubens, 127. 
Rubra, 164. 
Variegata, 



44. 



164. 



Victoria, 64. 



Rachael, 69. 
Ranunculus, 52. 



Ruga, 25. 

Ruse Blanche, 24. 

Russelliana, 22. 

; Sablee, 46. 
iSafrano, 116. 

Saint Francois, 53. 

Sandeur Panache, 68. 

Sanguinea, 128. 

Sans Sepales, 46. 

Sapho, 161. 

Scotch Perpetual, 161. 

Semperflorens, 128. 

Sempervirens plena, 16. 

odorata, 17. 



Red 



MuskCluster, 168.iSextes Propinas, 68. 



Moss, 43. 

Musk Cluster, 168. 

Reine Carolme, 41. 

des Fleurs, 153. 

des lies de Bourbon, 144 

des Beiges, 59. 

Reine de Lombardie, 127. 

■ Victoria, 116. 

de la Guillotiere, 153. 

du Congress, 142. 

des Verges, 141. 



Smithii, 99. 
Solfatare, 104. 
Sophie Cottin, 52. 

d'Houdedot, 68. 



Souvenir de la Malmaison, 144, 

de Navarino, 53. 

deDumont d'Urville, 

144. 

d'une Ami, 116. 

d'Anselme, 139. 



Souchet, 144. 



188 



INDEX. 



Standard of Marengo, 154. 
Star of Jupiter, 141. 
Stanwell, 162. 
Strombio, 116. 
Stadtholder, 68. 

sinesis, 68. 

Striped Crimson Perpetual, 158, 
Susannah, 53. 
Superba, 29, 100. 
Sulphurea, 35. 
Sully, 144. 
Sydonie, 154. 

Taglioni, 116. 

Tea, 114. 

The Chrysanthimeflora, 96. 

The a Fieurs Jeune, 126. 

The Pactole, 96. 

Thebe, 116. 

Theodore de Crose, 51. 

Therese Margat, 145. 

Theresita, 145. 

The Happy Dream, 115. 

Tricolor Superba, 57. 

Triomphedu Luxembourg, 116. 

de Boll wilier, 17. 

d'Angers, 68. 

de Gand, 128. 

des Noisettes, 96. 

de la Duchere, 145. 

Triomphant, 128. 
Triumphant, 29. 
Turgot, 117. 
Tuscany, 53, 68. 
Noisette, 68. 

Unique, 40. 

de Provins, 44. 



Velours, 68. 
Vesuvius, 128. 
Vicomtesse de Cazes, 117. 
Village Maid, 57. 
Viriditiora, 128. 
Victoire d'Aumy, 100. 
Victor Hugo, 69. 
Victoria Modeste, 117. 
Victorieuse, 100. 
Violet Episcopal, 68. 

de Belgique, 69, 145. 

Violacea, 165. 
Virginal, 128. 
Vitellina, 101. 
Vieillard, 44. 
Volumineuse, 159. 

Watts' Climbing China, 69. 
Celestial, 09. 



Washington, 101, 129. 
Wellington, 09. 
White Bath, 46. 

Boursault, 14. 

Banksia, 19. 

China, 111. 

Climbing Globe Unique, 

63. 
Monthly Damask, 61, 

161. 

Provins, 40. 

William Wallace, 117. 

Wongmoueheong, 20. 

Wood Cut of Standard Rose, 86. 

YeWow Tea, IJl. 

Sweet Brier, 33, 36. 



Youlande d'Arragon, 154. 
York and Lancaster, 61. 
Yorkshire Provins, 41. 



THE END 



3477 



